1) Azan is a call to prayer. It is sunnah to recite the azan for the fivefold prayer, as well as for Friday prayer.
2) Azan is pronounced only by men. Adhan made by a woman is invalid.
3) When pronouncing the adhan, the muezzin should face the qibla.
4) Adhan should also be given for replenishing (kaza) prayer. If the worshiper performs several kaza-namazs at once, he must pronounce the adhan for the first kaza-namaz, after which he has a choice: either pronounce the adhan for the remaining kaza-namazs, or limit himself to only pronouncing the iqama.
5) It is sunnah to be in a state of ablution while pronouncing the adhan. However, it is permissible to recite the adhan without performing ablution.
6) It is not allowed to pronounce the adhan for prayer before the start of the time for this prayer.
7) If the azan is pronounced before the time of prayer, such azan will not be valid. In this case, the adhan should be repeated.
Azan
اَللهُ أَكْبَرُ
Allahu akbar
Translation: "Allah is Great"
(pronounced 4 times)
أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَّآ إِلٰهَ إلَّا اللهُ
Ashkhadu alla ilaha illallah
Translation: “I bear witness: no one is worthy of worship except Allah.”
(pronounced twice)
أَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَّسُولُ اللهِ
Ashkhadu anna Muhammadar-rasulullah
Translation: “I bear witness: Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
(pronounced twice)
حَيَّ عَلَى الصَّلٰوةِ
Haya ‘alas-salaah
Translation: “Hurry to prayer!”
(pronounced twice)
حَيَّ عَلَى الفَلَاحِ
Haya 'alal-falah
Translation: “Hurry to salvation!”
(pronounced twice)
اَللهُ أَكْبَرُ
Allahu akbar
Translation: "Allah is Great"
(pronounced twice)
لَآ إِلٰهَ إلَّا اللهُ
La ilaha illallah
Translation: “There is no god but Allah”
The muezzin should cleanse himself from both types of impurity: both small and large. He should climb to an elevated or high place outside the boundaries of the mosque and face the direction of the qibla.
(Please note: Adhan should not be given inside the mosque)
Facing the qibla, the muezzin places the index fingers of both hands into the ear holes. Next, he pronounces the adhan in a loud voice (without shouting).
While pronouncing the words “haya ‘alas-salaah”, the muezzin turns his face to the right so that his chest and legs are still facing the qibla.
When pronouncing the words “haya ‘alal-falah,” he turns his face to the left in a similar way.
During the azan pronounced for Fajr prayer, after the words “haya ‘alal-falyah,” the following phrase must be said twice:
الصَّلٰوةُ خَيْرٌ مِّنَ النَّوْمِ
As-salatu khayrum-minan-naum
Translation: “Namaz is better than sleep”
After saying “Allahu Akbar” twice, the muezzin must pause long enough for those hearing the adhan to respond (we will discuss how to respond later).
In addition to this pause, after “Allahu Akbar” the muezzin should pause once after each phrase so that those who hear the adhan have time to respond.
Iqamat
Iqamat is similar to adhan, but differs from it in the following ways:
1) Iqamat is pronounced inside the mosque, while adhan is pronounced outside it.
3) During Iqamah, the fingers are not placed in the ears, as is the case with the adhan.
4) Iqamat is pronounced quickly, while adhan is pronounced slowly.
5) The phrase “As-salatu khairum-minan-naum” is not pronounced during Iqama.
6) During the iqama for the fivefold prayer after “haya ‘alal-falah” the phrase is pronounced twice:
قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلٰوةُ
Komatis salah code
Translation: “Namaz has begun”
7) During Iqama, the face is not turned to the right and left as in adhan.
8) Iqamat is pronounced when the congregational (jamaat) prayer is about to begin.
Rules of adhan and iqamat
1) For a traveler (musafir), saying the azan when he performs his prayer is mustahab (preferable).
2) Adhan and iqama in the mosque are sufficient for all the people of this area. Therefore, if the adhan and iqamat have already been pronounced in the mosque, pronouncing the adhan and iqamat at home will be mustahabb.
3) It is makrooh (blameable and forbidden) to say the azan and iqama in a mosque where congregational prayer is performed daily with the azan and iqama. However, in a mosque where there is no fixed order of imam and muezzin, the azan and iqama are read by each group or person performing namaz in this mosque.
5) Adhan and Iqamat are read only for prayers of the “fard ayn” category (five times and Friday prayers).
For those who hear the adhan, it is mustahabb to respond to it, that is, they should quietly repeat the phrases pronounced by the muezzin. They answer during the pauses made by the muezzin after each phrase. However, after the phrases “haya ‘alas-salyah” and “haya ‘alal-falyah” you should say:
لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللهِ
La hawla wa la quwwata illya billah
Translation: “There is no power or strength except through Allah”
During Fajr Azan, after the phrase “as-salatu khairum-minan-naum,” the listeners should say:
صَدَقْتَ وَبَرَرْتَ
Sadakta wa bararta
At the end of the adhan, listeners say salawat and the following prayer:
اللّٰهُمَّ رَبَّ هٰذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّآمَّةِ، وَالصَّلٰوةِ الْقَآئِمَةِ، اٰتِ مُحَمَّدًا الْوَسِيلَةَ وَالْفَضِيلَةَ وَالدَّرَجَةَ الرَّفِيعَةَ، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَّحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَّهُ، وَارْزُقْنَا شَفَاعَتَهُ يَوْمَ الْقِيٰمَةِ، إِنَّكَ لَا تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ
Allahumma Rabba khazihid-da'vatit-tammati, vas-salatil ka-imati, ati Muhammadanil-vasilyata wal-fadylyata wad-darajatar-rafi'ata, wab'ashu makamam-mahmudanilyazi wa 'attahu, warzukna shafa'atahu yaumal-kyyamati, innakya la tuhliful-mi'ad.
Translation: “O Allah, Lord of this perfect call and beginning prayer! Bless Muhammad with utmost closeness to You, grant him perfection and elevate him to the high position You promised! And grant us his intercession on the Day of Judgment. Verily, You do not break your promise.”
7) Replying to the iqama is also mustahab. The answers to the iqamat are the same as to the azan, and after the phrase “komatis salah” the following must be said:
أَقَامَهَا اللهُ وَأَدَامَهَا
Akomahallahu wa adamaha
Translation: “May Allah establish prayer and make it constant!”
8) There is no need to answer the adhan during the following actions:
A. performing namaz;
b. listening to the khutbah (Friday, wedding, etc.);
V. during menstruation and postpartum bleeding;
g. during meals;
d. during intimacy.
9) The second azan for Friday prayer should be given inside the mosque in front of the minbar.
10) The adhan by the muezzin must be performed while standing. If the adhan was given while sitting, it should be repeated. But if the adhan was said while sitting for one’s own prayer (not for a congregational prayer), there is no need to repeat it, although the adhan should not be read while sitting unnecessarily.
11) It is mustahabb to close the ear openings with your fingers while performing the adhan.
12) To pronounce the adhan while in a state of great impurity is strictly condemned (makrooh-tahrim). Repeating such azan is mustahab.
13) To pronounce iqamat while in a state of major or minor impurity is makrooh-tahrim. But, unlike the adhan, repeating the iqama is not mustahabb.
14) Sunnah is to pronounce the phrases of adhan and iqama in sequence. If a mistake is made in the order of the phrases of the adhan or iqama, such a mistake should be corrected by repeating in the correct order the phrase spoken in the wrong place.
15) If, during the performance of the adhan, the muezzin for some reason cannot complete it (for example, due to illness), repeating the entire adhan again will be sunnah-muakkadah.
16) If the minor ablution of a person pronouncing azan or iqamat is broken, it will be better to complete the azan or iqamat, and after that perform ablution.
17) Pronouncing Iqama is the right of the one who pronounced the adhan. But he can consent to the pronouncement of iqama by another person.
18) The muezzin should finish the iqama in the same place where he began it. He should not move from place to place while reciting the Iqamah.
19) If, after pronouncing the Iqamah, the Imam performs the Sunnahs of Fajr, then the time it takes to perform them will not be considered significant. Therefore, there is no need to repeat the Iqamah.
Azan- This is an announcement about the arrival of prayer time, a call to prayer.
Kamath- This is an announcement that the reading of Farz prayer begins.
Azan and Kamat- sunnah-muakkada for jama "ata of men, during prayer or kaza (making up for a missed prayer for any reason) on the road and at home. On the Day of Judgment, muezzins (people proclaiming the adhan) will be different from everyone else, they will be visible to everyone. All things that the muezzin's voice reached will testify to this on the Day of Judgment.
The announcement of the adhan became a Sharia decision in the first year of the Hijri. Abu Dawud narrated the hadith: “When the Prophet (ﷺ) settled in Medina, Muslims experienced certain inconveniences, not knowing the time of prayer. The Prophet (ﷺ) thought for a long time about how to gather people for prayer. One suggested hanging the banner, but the Prophet (ﷺ) did not accept this option. Others suggested blowing into a large trumpet, but the Prophet (ﷺ) rejected this too, since it would be like the Jews. He also rejected the bell, since it would make them like Christians. Abdullah the son of Zayd saw how the Prophet (ﷺ) was uneasy while pondering this question. That night he had a dream about a man walking past him with a zurna in his hand. Abdullah asked: “Will you sell this zurna?” “Why do you need zurna?” – the man asked. “I will notify people about the time of prayer,” Abdullah replied. Then the man said that he would teach him a better method of notification, and suggested the announcement of the adhan: “Allahu akbar...” (according to the text of the adhan). In the morning, Abdullah told the dream to the Prophet (ﷺ), and he said that this was the truth. He immediately sent Abdullah to Bilal to announce the azan, for his voice was louder than Abdullah’s. When Bilal announced the adhan, Umar ibn Khatab came and said to the Prophet (ﷺ): “I swear by the Lord who sent you, I also saw this adhan in a dream.” Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) gave praise to Allah."
Shuruts (basic conditions) of adhan
1. The adhan must be pronounced in Arabic.
2. The time for prayer has arrived.
From Malik ibn Huwairis it is reported that the Messenger of Allah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam said: “Perform namaz the way you see me doing it, therefore, when the time for prayer comes, let one of you say the adhan, then the eldest of you becomes the imam"(Bukhari).
Iqamat
- According to the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa, the iqamat is read as adhan, so it has 17 phrases;
- It is advisable to read the iqama without drawing out the words;
- It is advisable for the one who announces the adhan to read the iqamat.
For a woman, pronouncing both the azan and the iqama is makrooh tahriman (a completely forbidden action).
Azan words
الله اكبر x 4 times
اشهد ان لا اله الا الله x 2 times
اشهد ان محمد رسول الله x 2 times
حي على الصلاة x 2 times
حي على الفلاح x 2 times
الله اكبر x 2 times
لا اله الا الله x 1 time
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar!
(Allah is Great, Allah is Great!)
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar!
(Allah is Great, Allah is Great!)
Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah!
Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah!
(I testify that there is no one worthy of worship except Allah!)
Ashhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasulullah!
(I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah!)
Haya `alya-with-soles, haya `alas-with-soles!
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar!
(Allah is Great, Allah is Great!)
La ilaha illallah!
In the adhan for the time of morning prayer (Fajr) after "Haya `alal-falah" pronounced:
« الصلاة خير من النوم »
“As-solatu khayru min an-naum”, that is: "Prayer is better than sleep."
The adhan should be pronounced slowly and measuredly, with pauses between sentences, with the exception of takbirs - they are pronounced together.
It is advisable for the announcer to
- For the muezzin to be free (not a slave) and of age;
- To be trusted, fair, for he monitors the times of prayers. Also announce on a hill;
- Those who know the times of prayers and its sunnats;
- Have a loud and beautiful voice;
- To be in ablution;
- Inserting your index fingers into your ears helps raise your voice;
- Turn to the right and left when reading both “haya ‘ala”;
- Walk around the minaret if the voice does not reach from one place;
- The adhan is announced protractedly, the iqama, on the contrary, quickly;
- Do not talk during adhan, even when answering greetings;
When announcing the adhan, it is disgraceful
- Announce the adhan to a woman;
- Announce the Azan of Fasika, since his words are not accepted in religion;
- Without having ablution;
- Seated;
- Add melodies to the pronunciation of the adhan, which can lead to a distortion of the meaning, and also add or omit sounds;
- Talk during adhan, for this is remembrance (dhikr) of the Almighty, elevating Him;
- Failure to fulfill the entire sunnat in the adhan is disgraceful. If the adhan is announced by someone for whom it is disgraceful to do so, then it is advisable to call again;
How to behave when we hear adhan
At the first sounds of the adhan, we should leave everything in order to answer the adhan, even if we were busy reading the Quran and remembering Allah (dhikr). However, scientists gave examples of activities during which one may not answer the adhan: attending a lesson or khutbah, performing namaz, sexual intercourse, being in the toilet, eating.
How should one answer the adhan?
The one who hears the adhan repeats his words after the muazzin, but with the words: “ Hayyya `ala-s-solah", - And: " Haya `alal-falah", - you need to answer: “La hawla wa la quwwata illa billah”(“There is no strength or might except Allah”). During the adhan for morning prayer, in response to the words of the muazzin: “ As-solatu khayru min an-naum", you should answer: "Sadakta va barirt"(“You told the truth and did well”).
After the adhan, it is advisable to say salawat and dua, which is transmitted from the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings of Allah be upon him:
اللهم رب هذه الدعوة التامة والصلاة القائمة آت محمداً الوسيلة و الفضيلة وابعثه مقاماً محموداً الذي وعدته
“Allahumma robba hazihi-d-da'wati-t-tammati vas-solatil-kaima, ati Muhammadanil-vasilyata wal-fadyl, wab'ashu makaman mahmudanillazi wa'attah, warzukna shafa'atahu yaumal-kiyama. Innaka la tuhliful-mi’ad.”
Translation: “O Allah, Lord of this perfect call (Islam) and the upcoming prayer! Grant Prophet Muhammad “al-wasila” (the highest degree in Paradise) and supremacy. Grant him the high position promised and grant us his intercession on the Day of Judgment. Verily, You do not break your promise!
Iqamat
Iqamat is a formula for notifying those gathered in a mosque about the beginning of prayer. Azan, as we said, notifies people in the area about the time of prayer. Thus, we understand that there may be a period of time between adhan and iqama, sometimes quite large. Usually the periods between adhan and iqamat are fixed and known to the parishioners of a particular mosque (sometimes even in the mosque there is an announcement indicating the time between adhan and iqamat).
We have already provided some information regarding Iqama in the “Azan” section.
Words of Iqama
الله اكبر x 4 times
اشهد ان لا اله الا الله x 2 times
اشهد ان محمد رسول الله x 2 times
حي على الصلاة x 2 times
حي على الفلاح x 2 times
قد قَامت الصلة x 2 times
الله اكبر x 2 times
لا اله الا الله x 1 time
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar!
(Allah is Great, Allah is Great!)
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar!
(Allah is Great, Allah is Great!)
Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah!
(I testify that there is no one worthy of worship except Allah!)
Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah!
(I testify that there is no one worthy of worship except Allah!)
Ashhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasulullah!
(I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah!)
Ashhadu anna Muhammad-r-rasulullah!
(I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah!)
Haya `ala-solah, haya `ala-solah!
(Hurry to prayer, hurry to prayer!)
Haya `alal-falyah, haya `alal-falyah!
(Hurry to success, hurry to success!)
Komati code, komati code!
(The prayer begins, the prayer begins!)
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar!
(Allah is Great, Allah is Great!)
La ilaha illallah!
(There is no one worthy of worship except Allah!)
Iqamat, unlike azan, should preferably be pronounced quickly, without stretching out the vowels.
It is undesirable (makruh tanzihan) to pronounce iqamat to someone who missed Friday prayer (juma) and performs zuhr prayer instead.
It is also advisable to respond to the iqama: they answer it in the same way as to the adhan, only after the words “ Komati-with-salt code Komati-with-salt code"It is advisable to say: " Akamahallahu wa adamaha"(May Allah make sure that prayer is performed constantly!").
After Iqama, one should immediately begin performing the obligatory prayer, without making a long pause between Iqama and prayer.
AZAN AND IKAMAT
A - Azan
This word is translated as: “to inform”, “to let know”. The terminological meaning is as follows: “Azan is a special form of call in which the time of fard prayers is announced, and consisting of special words.” The person reciting the adhan is called a muazzin.
The need to read the azan before performing fard prayers, that is, notification of the onset of prayer time, is proven by the verses of the Koran and the provisions of the sunnah. During the birth of Islam, the azan was not recited in the same form as it is done today. When the time for prayer came, for some time Muslims were called to prayer in the following way: “as-salatu, as-salatu (for prayer, for prayer) or “as-salatu ja miyah” (prayer brings people together) i.e. ( collective prayer)
But after the construction of Masjidun Nabawi (the Prophet's Mosque) was completed in the first year of the Hijra, the Companions began to regularly gather in the mosque to perform prayers together. During this period, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) gathered his companions and consulted with them about the form of the call to prayer. And then some companions spoke about their dreams, which were confirmed by divine revelations. After this, the adhan phrases that are recited today were determined.
Reading the adhan is a sunnah-muakkadah for men, which has the power of wajib. The following verses indicate this:
“When you [adhan] call [people] to prayer, [the non-believers] mock and mock it.”(Surah al-Maida, 5/58).
“O you who believe! When you are called to congregational prayer on Friday, show zeal in the remembrance of Allah, leaving commercial affairs. It is better for you, if only you understand.”
(Surah al-Jumu'a, 62/9)
There are many hadiths of the Prophet (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) that talk about adhan. Here are some of them: “When the time for prayer comes, let one of you read the azan, and the eldest in age will be the imam!”
(Bukhari, Azan, 17, 18, 49, 140; Ahad, 1, Adab, 27, Maghazi, 53; Muslim, Masajid, 292, 293; Nasai, Azan, 8).
After one of the companions told about his dream, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) remarked:“Inshaalah, this dream is truly true! Get up and teach Bilal the words you heard in your dream, for his voice is more beautiful than yours!”
. (Tirmidhi, Mawakyt, 25; Abu Daud, Salat, 28; ibn Majah, Azan, 1)
“If people knew about the virtues of adhan and standing in the front rows (while performing namaz), and understood that without drawing lots they would not be able to do this, then they would definitely cast lots.” (Bukhari, Azan, 9, 32, Shahadat, 30; Muslim, Salat, 129; Tirmidhi, Mavakyt, 52; Nasai, Mavakyt, 22; Azan, 31)
“When you are tending sheep or in the desert, recite the azan loudly, for there is not a single genie or person or any other creature who does not testify in favor of the muazzin on the Day of Judgment.”(Bukhari, Azan, 5; Badul-khalq, 12, Tawhid, 52; Nasai, Azan, 14; Malik, Muwatta, Nida, 5; Ahmad bin Hanbal, 3/6).
“On the Day of Judgment, the muazzins will be among the people with the longest necks.” (Muslim, Salat, 14; ibn Majah, Azan, 5; Ahmad bin Hanbal, 3/169, 264, 4/95, 98)
But reading the iqama and fulfilling the duties of an imam while performing namaz is a more rewarding act than reading the azan, for the Prophet (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) and the four caliphs who led the country after his death were never muazzins. At the same time, after the imamate, the most pious type of service remains the position of muazzin, since Allah asks in the Koran:
“Whose speech is more beautiful than that of the one who calls upon Allah.”(Sura Fussylat, 41/33).
The venerable Aisha (radiallahu ‘ankha) explained that this verse refers to muazzins. On this occasion, Muhammad (PBUH) said:
“The Imam is the guarantee of society. Muazzin is a reliable person. O Allah! Show the imams the right path and forgive the sins of the muazzins!”(Tirmidhi, Salat, 39; Ahmad bin Hanbal, 2/232, 284, 278, 382, 419).
Through the adhan, people are informed about the time of prayers and that it is prayer that is the means of achieving eternal salvation. Through the adhan, the most important principles of Islam are announced to the whole world. But besides this, the time of prayers in different parts of the world comes in different ways, and therefore every hour on our planet the existence of Allah, His unity and power, that only the mission of Muhammad (sallallahu 'alaihi wa sallam) and the performance of prayers are loudly announced can serve as a means of salvation.
1) Form and words of adhan
The imams of all madhhabs are unanimous on the issue of the form and words of the adhan. These words are repeated twice, but when reading the adhan to the morning prayer, after the words “Hayya ‘alal-falyah” the phrase is added: “Assalatu khairun minan-naum” (namaz is better than sleep) and is also repeated twice. The proof is the hadith transmitted by Bilal (radiallahu ‘anhu). In addition, the Prophet (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam), addressing Abu Mukhzir (radiallahu ‘anhu), said:
“When you read the adhan of the morning prayer, say twice: “Assalatu khairun minan-naum.” (Zailai, Nasbourg-Rae, 1/264).
According to the Hanafis and Hanbalis, the azan consists of 15 words, but there is no “tarja” when recited. In other words, before reading the words of the adhan out loud, you can first read to yourself. (Ibn Humam, Fathul-Qadir, 1/167; ibn Abidin, Raddul-Mukhtar, 1/35; ibn Qudama, al-Mughni, 1/404).
In the hadith narrated by Abdullah ibn Zayd (radiallahu ‘anhu), the adhan consists of the following phrases:
Meaning of adhan:
“Allah is above everything. Allah is above all!
I testify that there is no god but Allah! I testify that there is no god but Allah!
I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah! I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah!
Hurry to prayer! Hurry to prayer!
Hurry to the rescue! Hurry to the rescue!
Allah is above all! Allah is above all!
There is no god but Allah!”
When reading the azan for morning prayer, after the expression “Hayya ‘alal-falyah!” (Hurry to salvation!) The phrase “Assalatu khairun minan-naum” (Namaz is better than sleep) is added.
2) Adhan conditions
When reading the adhan, the following conditions must be observed:
1. The coming of time. You cannot read the adhan if it is not time for prayer. If you accidentally read the adhan, you must then read it again. According to the imams of the three madhhabs (with the exception of Abu Yusuf and the rest of the Hanafis), reciting the azan at the end of the night, which is 1/6 of the night, in the pre-dawn time, is mandub. Then, when “fajru sadik” comes, this azan, as a requirement of the sunnah, is read again.
The argument is a hadith narrated by Abdullah bin Amr (radiallahu ‘anhu):
“Bilal read the night adhan. And you can eat food (this applied to those who were going to fast) before the adhan is read by Ummu Maktoum.”.
Bukhari added to this hadith: “Ummu Maktoum was blind, and until people told him: “The morning has come, the morning has come,” he did not recite the adhan.”(Bukhari, Azan, 11, 13; Shahadat, 11, Saum, 17; Muslim, Syam, 36-39; Tirmidhi, Salat, 35; Nasai, Azan, 9-10).
2. The adhan must be read in Arabic, because the adhan is a symbol of all Muslims in the world. It doesn't matter what language they speak. According to the Hanafis and Hanbalis, the adhan, like the Koran, was recited in Arabic from the very beginning, so recitation in other languages is considered invalid. Only the Shafi'is believe that it is permissible for those who do not know Arabic to read in another language.
3. The sounds of the adhan must reach the ears of people, but if there is only one muazzin, then what he hears himself is enough.
4. When reading the adhan and iqama, consistency and order must be observed. Although reciting the azan without following the sequence is valid, it is considered makrooh. It is best to re-read such adhans again.
6. According to the Hanafi madhhab, a muazzin can be a person of sound mind, male, God-fearing, who knows the provisions of the sunnah and the times of prayers. The recitation of the adhan by the jahils and fasikas (wicked people) is makrooh. It is also makruh for women who are crazy and in a state of junub to read the adhan. After them, it is advisable to read the adhans again, because repeated reading of the adhan, as happens on Fridays, is permitted by Sharia. It is also makruh to read the Iqama without wudu, as the hadith says:
“The adhan is read only by those who are in a state of voodoo.” (Tirmidhi, Salat, 33; al-Sanani, Subulus-salam, 1/129).
7. The muazzin must have a beautiful and sonorous voice, since in this case many people will hear the adhan. The proof is the following hadith:
“The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ordered twenty people to read the Adhan, and they began to read. He liked Abu Mahzur's voice and taught him the words of the adhan.". (Darimi, Salat, 7).
8. In order for the sounds of the adhan to reach the ears of many people, the muazzin must be located on an elevated platform, for example, on a high wall or minaret. Urwa bin Zubair reported the words of his wife, who came from the Bani Najar tribe:
“My house was the tallest of all the houses located next to Masjidun Nabawi. Bilal read the adhan from the roof of my house. Before dawn he came to my house and sat waiting for dawn to come. As soon as he saw the onset of Fajr, he stood up and read the adhan.”(Zailai, Nasbourg-Rae, 1/292).
9. When reading the adhan, it is necessary to pause between two sentences, while the iqamat must be read quickly, connecting two phrases. The hadith says:
“Oh Bilal! When you read the adhan, lengthen the words and read slowly, but when you read the iqama, read quickly!” (Tirmidhi, Salat, 29).
10. When reading the adhan and iqama, the muazzin should face the Kaaba. When pronouncing the phrase “haya ‘alas-salah”, turn to the right, while pronouncing the phrase “haya ‘alal-falyah” - turn to the left. If the muazzin is on the minaret, when reading, he should quickly move first to the right, then to the left. To read the azan loudly, you need to plug your ears with your fingertips. Abu Juhaifa (radiallahu 'anhu) said:
“I saw Bilal reciting the adhan. When reading, he turned his head to the right and left. At the same time, he exclaimed: “Hayya ‘alas-salah,” “Hayya ‘alal-falyah.” He covered his ears with two fingers.”(As-Sanani, 1/122)
11. Reading the azan and iqamat is the sunnah for both fard prayers and qadah prayers, since the azan and iqamat are the sunnah not of time, but of prayers. On the other hand, Qada prayers are a compensation for the prayer whose time has come.
12. When different Qada prayers are performed in different places, for each prayer you need to read the adhan and iqama separately. If many prayers are missed, although reading the azan and iqama for each prayer separately is preferable, you can read the azan for the first missed prayer, and for the rest you can read only the iqama. The hadith reported by Ibn Mas'ud (radiallahu 'anhu) says:
“On the day of the battle of Ahzab, the pagans prevented the Prophet (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) from performing four fard prayers. These prayers were Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib and Isha. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ordered Bilal (Radi Allahu Anhu) to read both the adhan and the iqamat for each prayer.”(Haythami, Majmauz-zawaid, 2/4; ash-Shavqani, 2/60)
According to Imam Malik, before performing Qada prayers, only the Iqamat is read, and the Adhan need not be read. At the same time, he relies on the command of the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) on the day of the Battle of Khandak, when, due to the onslaught of the enemy, Muslims were unable to perform several prayers. Then he ordered Bilal to read only the iqama. (Darimi, Salat, 186; Nasai, Mawakyt, 55; Azan, 23; Ahmad bin Hanbal, 3/25).
13. You need to take a short break between adhan and iqamat. This pause when calling for prayer al-Maghrib should be as long as necessary to read three short verses; in other prayers, it is necessary to pause long enough to be able to perform four rakats of prayer, and in each rakah read the 12th verse. The proof is the following hadith:
“Oh Bilal! Between azan and iqama, make such a pause so that people eating food can finish eating it and then calmly satisfy their needs.”. (Ahmad bin Hanbal, Musnad, 5/143).
Hanafis believe that after reading the adhan - to inspire people - a call: “As-salaah! As-salah! Ya musallin! (O you who perform namaz! Hurry to namaz!) is mustahab, since people have recently shown laziness in religious matters.
"When and you will perform the duties of a muazzin, never charge for this!” (Tirmidhi, Salat, 41; Nasai, Azan, 32; ibn Majah, Azan, 3; Ahmad bin Hanbal, 4/217).
However, the Shafiites and Malikis from the very beginning considered it permissible to receive payment for performing the duties of a muazzin; among the Hanafis, scholars of the recent past issued a fatwa on the permissibility of receiving payment for this. This decision is explained by the fact that due to the cessation of payment of wages to religious ministers from the state treasury, it has recently become more difficult for them to fulfill their duties. Therefore, this fatwa is intended to ensure that employees fulfill their duties in the future.
15. When people hear the sounds of adhan, they should stop talking. If someone is reading the Quran, it is better to stop reading and listen to the adhan. However, there is another opinion that if someone reads the Qur'an in the mosque or at home, during the adhan he can continue reading. Some scholars believe that there is nothing wrong with having a conversation during adhan.
3) Repeat adhan and iqama
For the one who hears the adhan, repeating the words of adhan and iqa mata after the muazzin is mustahabb. But when the muazzin says “Hayya ‘alas-salah” and “Hayya ‘alal-falyah,” the hearer must say: ِ
“La hawla wa la kuuuata illa billah” (There is no strength and power in anyone except Allah. One can be saved from disobedience to Allah only by the power of Allah! Only through the power of Allah one can succeed in performing worship!)
When, while reading the azan of the morning prayer, the muazzin says:
“Assalatu khairun minan-naum” (Namaz is better than sleep), the listener should add:
"Sadakta wa barirta" (Truly, you have spoken the truth, you are the owner of goodness).
You need to repeat the adhan verbally, and not just mentally. The proof is the hadith narrated by Abu Saeed (radiallahu ‘anhu): “The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ordered his companions:
“When you hear the adhan, repeat exactly after the muazzin.” . (Bukhari, Azan, 7; Muslim, Salat, 10, 11; Tirmidhi, Salat, 40; Manaqib, 1; Nasai, Azan, 33, 35-38; ibn Majah, Azan, 4).
But some Hanafi scholars argue that answering the muazzin means for the mu'min to immediately go to prayer.
You can repeat after the muazzin in any state, even in the state of junub. The only exception is the state of haid and nifas. This also does not apply to those who listen to the imam’s khutbah, perform namaz-janazah, eat, have sexual intercourse, go to the toilet, study or teach knowledge. All these persons can continue their activities during adhan.
If several adhans are read at once in any locality, it is enough to repeat only one. (Al-Kasani, 1/155; ibn Humam, 1/173; ibn Abidin, Raddul-Mukhtar, 1/367; al-Shirazi, al-Muhazzab, 1/58; ibn Qudama, 1/426; az-Zuhayli, 1/552).
4) Du'a after adhan
It was narrated from Jabir (radiallahu ‘anhu) that the Prophet Muhammad (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) said that whoever reads the next du’a after the azan will definitely be awarded his “shafaat”. (Shafaat - the intercession of Muhammad (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) on the day of the Last Judgment).
This du'a, called "vasilya", is as follows:
“O Allah! The Lord of this call, adhan and prayer that will be performed! Show the Prophet Muhammad Your mercy and grant him “basil”, virtues and the highest level, and grant him the opportunity to obtain the “makam mahmud” that You promised him! Verily, You will never renege on Your promises!”(Al-Bukhari, ibn Majah).
5) Reading the adhan on various occasions
If necessary, reciting the adhan for an occasion other than prayers is a mandub. The reasons for this are as follows:
1. Reading the azan in the ear of a newborn child is a mandub, for when the Prophet (sallallahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) had a grandson Hasan (radiallahu ‘ankhu), he read the adhan over his ear. (Abu Dawood, Adab, 107; Tirmidhi, Adahi, 16; Ahmad bin Hanbal, 6/391-392).
2. The adhan is read during military operations, in the event of a fire, or after a traveler leaving on a journey.
3. It is also wonderful to read the azan in the ear of a person who is seized with strong anger or experiencing a nervous shock; a person experiencing an epileptic attack; into the ear of a person or an animal that has a disgusting character or temper. The adhan is also read as a shield in cases where a genie or shaitan appears in a terrible form, for it is known from hadiths that when the adhan is read, the shaitan quickly leaves these places. (az-Zuhayli, 1/561-562).
B - Ikamat
Before men perform fard or qada prayer - individually or collectively - reciting the iqama is sunnah-muakkadah.
Reading adhan and iqama several times, except for namaz-jumah, shari atom is not allowed. Therefore, if in any mosque, Muslims, having read the adhan and iqamat, performed namaz, then those who came to the mosque later should not read the adhan and iqamat again. Also, the iqamat is not read before the prayers of Witr, Bayram and Tarawih.
The words of Iqamah are the same as the words of Adhan. Only after the phrase “haya ‘alal-falah” is added: “kaad kamatis-salah” (namaz begins, prayer begins). The following hadith indicates that when reading the Iqama, the words are repeated twice, just as when reading the Adhan.
Abdullah ibn Zayd al-Ansari, having come to Muhammad (sallallahu ‘alaihi wa sallam), told his dream:
"I had a dream. Someone, dresseddressed in two green cloaks, climbed the wall and, repeating each phrase twice, read the adhan and then the iqamat.”. (Zailai, Nasbourg-Rae, 1/266-267).
According to the Shafi'is and Hanbali, each phrase is recited only once, so the Iqamah consists of eleven phrases. Only the phrase “Kad kamatis-salah” is repeated twice. In this matter they refer to the hadith from Abdullah bin Umar. (ash-Shavqani, 2/43).
Reading the Iqamah quickly but clearly is sunnah. As when reading the adhan, according to the sunnah, the muazzin must be in a state of ritual purity. He should face the qiblah and should not engage in extraneous conversations while reading. The Iqamat for calling men to prayer read by a woman is invalid.
The Muslim religion has its own canons and norms, which sometimes look complicated to the uninitiated. For example, adhan is a completely common practice in Islam, although this ritual does not exist in Christianity. Therefore, people professing a different religion, finding themselves among Muslims, often do not understand the essence of this daily religious call to prayer.
Unfortunately, even some Muslims (especially young people), who were not raised from childhood in an atmosphere of Islam and the worship of Allah, sometimes wonder why the azan is necessary. It is worth understanding this issue in more detail.
What is the call to prayer for?
Every devout Muslim knows what adhan is. This is essentially a call to prayer, which is known to be performed five times a day. Accordingly, the call in Islam is proclaimed the same number of times - before each prayer. However, many Muslims, even hearing these beautiful words, do not think about them and therefore do not realize it.
Its uniqueness lies in the fact that the prayer to which it calls is obligatory, but the call itself is only desirable - if necessary, you can do without it. At the same time, he considers the call to prayer a very important part of the ritual. The muezzin must read the adhan in any locality where Muslims live.
This is not only a kind of notification that it is time for prayer, but also a desire to remind us why the prayer itself is needed. Translated from Arabic, the word “adhan” means “notification, announcement.” Muslims believe that the time for each prayer was set by Allah himself. However, a true believer may, for various reasons, miss the exact deadline, which is why the muezzin’s duties include reporting that it is time for prayer.
If the number and time of prayers were determined by the Almighty, then azans were introduced into his ritual by the Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.) in the first third of the 7th century (1st century Hijri). There is a legend that tells about the creation of the call to prayer. According to him, the first Muslims living in Medina, where the prophet was at that time, did not know the exact time of prayer and told the Messenger of Allah about it. Various methods of notification were even proposed - some suggested using large pipes or a bell, others - posting special signs.
Finally, one of the Prophet’s followers, Abdullah ibn Zeid, saw in a dream a man carrying a zurna in his hand. Abdullah asked to sell the instrument, explaining that he wanted to notify people that it was time for prayer. However, the person said that there was a better way to do this and gave the full text of the adhan. Having woken up, he told the Prophet Muhammad (saw) about everything, and he approved both the text of the announcement and the method itself. Since then, prayer time alerts around the world have been read this way.
Some researchers believe that the man who appeared to Abdullah in a dream was none other than the angel Jibril.
Originally it was a single phrase translated as “congregational prayer.” However, in Arabia, even before the rise of Islam, there were pagan rituals somewhat similar to this beautiful call. Therefore, the modern text of the call to prayer was gradually formed, which was determined by both outdated pagan rules and the new Islamic religion.
In order to read the adhan, the muezzin must turn towards the Kaaba and pronounce the words measuredly and melodiously. Immediately after the call is announced, a dua follows (that is, a special short prayer), where the Prophet himself, as well as his family and followers, are blessed. At the same time, the pre-prayer ritual is considered incomplete without pronouncing the iqama, which is read after notification of the time of prayer, a few minutes later.
Number and time of announcement
Before he begins to read, he must perform ablution, and during the announcement, make sure that his voice reaches all directions. If it is almost inaudible from one side of the minaret, the muezzin is charged with walking around the building so that the call can be heard by everyone. Finally, regardless of what time the call is announced, he must be completely absorbed in this matter and in no case be distracted - especially by greetings.
The main requirement for a person reading the adhan is to have a beautiful and strong voice. The call to prayer is read loudly and measuredly. In contrast, iqamat is pronounced quickly (although this does not mean that these words can be spoken slurred and crumpled).
The canonical adhan is announced in Arabic, although the muezzin must convey the meaning of this call to believers, and therefore read it in the language spoken by those listening. The text of the call itself is simple, but requires repetition of certain phrases. This is what it looks like in Arabic:
الله أكبر الله أكبر (four times);
أشهد أن لا اله إلا الله (twice);
أشهد أن محمدا رسول الله (twice);
حي على الصلاة (twice);
حي على الفلاح (twice);
الله أكبر الله أكبر (twice);
لا إله إلا الله (one time).
If you read the translation, the phrases look very simple, but they contain deep meaning. The repetition and simplified language appear to be intended to appeal to the subconscious minds of Muslims, explaining to them why prayer is so important. Azan in Russian sounds like this:
Great is Allah (4 times)
I testify that there is no other deity except Allah (2 times)
I also testify that the Messenger of Allah is Muhammad (2 times)
Hasten to prayer (2 times)
Hasten to your salvation (2 times)
Great is Allah (2 times)
There is no other god but Allah (1 time).
It should be noted that the morning adhan has a slight difference from all other calls that are pronounced during the day. Another phrase is inserted into its text, which is pronounced after the words “Hurry to your salvation” and is also repeated twice. It goes like this: “Prayer is better than sleep.” All other phrases have the same sound. The summoning formula is not complicated, so it is quite easy to remember.
Rules of conduct for believers
It should not be assumed that Muslims who come out to listen to the call should simply perceive it as a reminder to begin prayer. After all, the azan is a component of the prayer ritual, which means that a certain response and action is required on the part of the listeners.
The rules dictate that these words must be responded to immediately, putting aside all the things that a person is busy with at the time. Even if at that moment you are reading the Koran, at the sound of the call you need to interrupt what you are doing. And the point is not only that from this moment you begin to internally prepare for prayer, but that you need to repeat after the muezzin - and this requires a certain concentration.
By pronouncing the words, a person feels how the adhan calms the soul. All these phrases must be repeated exactly as the person calling them says. But there are two exceptions. When you hear the words “There is no other god but Allah,” you must answer, “Only Allah is strong and omnipotent.” And when the morning call time comes and the muezzin reminds: “Prayer is better than sleep,” believers must answer: “Truly these words are true.”
Thus, the announcement of prayer is read by both parties - both the one who announces the call to prayer and the one who listens to the announcement. All this allows a person to tune into a prayerful mood and perform namaz after adhan with inspiration and true humility. Moreover, if you are far away (for example, on a trip) and know that the time for prayer is coming, then you need to read the call yourself and only then start praying.
In Islam there are a number of rules that must be strictly followed. This applies to all aspects of the life of a devout Muslim, and the adhan is no exception. Since performing namaz is a component, prayer and call are closely related, and therefore require compliance with established requirements.
- A woman cannot read the adhan; this is only allowed for a man. In this case, the announcer must be exclusively Muslim. If there is no man and only women have gathered for prayer, then instead of the azan they can read the iqamat.
- It cannot be said while sitting, and those who listen should not talk while these words are being read, much less laugh. The Iqamat is read, as a rule, by the same person who called for prayer, although this is not a mandatory requirement. But if you are in the area when reading the call, the call to prayer does not need to be repeated after the muezzin. However, reading the Iqama is mandatory in any case.
- When announcing the call, the muezzin must cover his ears with his index fingers (according to another version, he should hold his earlobes with his index finger and thumb). This is required in order to raise your voice. When saying “Hurry to prayer,” he must turn his head to the right, and when saying “Hurry to your salvation,” he must turn to the left.
The rules say nothing about how pure the person listening to the call must be. But at the same time, the one who announces the adhan must undergo purification in advance. After all, these words call for spiritual purity, so he is obliged to notify only after ablution.
Today, calls, even being deeply woven into Islamic rituals of prayer, can be considered a separate cultural trend. If you want to understand the beauty of these chants, you can watch the adhan video. It is worth not only listening to the muezzin’s voice, but also looking at the expression on his face while pronouncing the call to prayer in order to understand the meaning of any call and how much it can influence the soul of any person.
The adhan is read immediately after the time for prayer. Azan is a call for Muslims to perform the obligatory prayer. The adhan is the announcement of the time of prayer. The person who gives the adhan is called a muadzin. It is desirable that the muadzin have a beautiful voice. Monotheists read every day, and accordingly, an azan sounds before each prayer. Iqamat (kamat) is an invitation to Muslims to obligatory congregational prayer. Adhan is a sunnah-mu'akkadah, close in strength and importance to wajib.
- Allahu akbarul-laahu akbar (2 times)
(Allah is above all) - Ashhadu alla ilyaha illallah (2 times)
(I testify that there is no object worthy of worship except the One God) - Ashhadu Anna Muhammadar-rasulullah (twice)
(I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah) - Haya ‘ala salting (twice)
(Hurry to prayer) - Haya ‘alal-falah (twice)
(Rush to the rescue) - Allahu akbarul-lahu akbar
(Allah is above all) - La ilaha illallah
(There is no one and nothing worthy of following the laws except following the perfect laws of Allah Almighty)
Ikamat (kamat) with transcription in Russian
Iqamat (kamat) is a call to prayer, pronounced immediately before performing fard prayer (obligatory prayer)
It should be noted that when calling for morning prayer, after the words: “Hayya ‘alal-falyah”, before “Allahu Akbar” the words are added: “Assalatu khayrum minan naum! Assalatu khairum minan naum!
Words of the Iqama according to the Hanafi madhhab
- Allahu akbarul-laahu akbar (2 times)
(Allah is above all) - Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah (2 times)
(I testify that there is no one and nothing worthy of worship except Allah) - Ashhadu anna muhammadar-rasulullah (twice)
(I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God) - Haya ‘ala ssolya (twice)
(Hurry to prayer) - Haya ‘alal-falayah (twice)
(Rush to the rescue) - Kad Kamatis-solyatu Kad Kamatis-solyatu
(Prayer begins) - Allahu akbarul-laahu akbar
(Allah is above all) - La ilaha illallah
(There is no one and nothing, there is no object worthy of worship except Allah)
Words of the Iqama according to the Shafi'i madhhab
- Allahu akbarul-lahu akbar
(Allah is above all) - Ashhadu ala ilaha illallah
(I testify that there is nothing and no one worthy of worship except the Most High Lord) - Ashhadu anna muhammadar-rasulullah
(I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of the One God) - Haya 'ala salting
(Hurry to prayer) - Haya 'alal-falayah
(Rush to the rescue)
Kad kamatis-solyatu kad kamatis-solyatu - (Prayer begins)
- Allahu akbarul-lahu akbar
(Allah is above all) - La ilaha illallah
(There is nothing and no one, there is not any object of worship who could be worshiped except Allah, since all other “gods” are fictitious idols or are created creations, and worshiping the creations of the Almighty is prohibited)
Times of the Five Daily Prayers
Time to read the 5 obligatory prayers:
- Fajr (morning prayer) occurs from dawn until sunrise.
- Zuhr (midday prayer) begins after the zenith of the sun until late in the evening.
- Asr (pre-evening prayer) occurs from late evening until sunset.
- Maghrib (evening prayer) begins from sunset until dusk (when the sky becomes completely dark).
- Isha (night prayer) occurs from the moment of twilight (pitch darkness) until the beginning of dawn.
All these prayers should be recited at the moments mentioned above. However, there are exceptions when combining prayers is allowed. For example, Zuhr and Asr or Maghrib and Isha can be read immediately after each other. You can combine these two prayers when you are traveling, if you are sick, very sleepy, very tired, or if you cannot control your schedule (classes or work). These are exceptions and should not become the norm.
If you are praying in a Masjid (mosque) in a congregation, in bad weather conditions such as rain, snow, ice, etc., then it is permissible to combine these two prayers.
Virtue of Azan
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said:
“When the call to prayer is pronounced, the shaitan retreats, emitting noise with winds so as not to hear this call, and when the call ends, he (again) approaches. And he retreats during the iqama, and when the announcement of the beginning of the prayer ends, he (again) steps up to stand between the person and his heart and inspire him: “Remember this and that,” which he did not even think about (before prayer, and he does this) so that a person remains (in a similar) position, not knowing how many (rakats) of prayer he has performed.”
The words of the adhan are pronounced loudly and slowly. When pronouncing the adhan, the hands are raised in accordance with the madhhab that the person reading the adhan adheres to.