Theories of the emergence of the state

State - it is imperious - a political organization that has sovereignty, a special apparatus of control and coercion, and also establishes a legal order in a certain territory.

Aristotle- natural origin of the state

State

Villages

Families

Robert Filmer – patriarchal theory

The state, an expanded form of patriarchal power in the name of the common good, arose as a result of the unification of clans into tribes, tribes into large communities, etc.

Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau - contractual concept

The state arose as the result of an agreement between the ruler and his subjects to ensure order and respect for the rights of citizens.

Dühring, Gumplowicz, Kautsky- theory of violence and conquest

The state arose as a product of the desire of some tribes to maintain their power over others.

Plato, K. Marx, F. Engels, V.I. Lenin – socio-economic concept

The division of labor in society was brought to the fore .

J. Locke, J.-J. Rousseau, T. Hobbes – statist concept

Recognition of the benefits of the state, its active positive role for society.

M. Bakunin, P. Kropotkin - anti-statist concept

The state in any of its forms is a weapon of violence against the individual, the personification of tyranny and exploitation.

Functions of the state

INTERNAL

EXTERNAL

• Protection of human rights and freedoms, law enforcement
• Management of the economic system
• Collection of taxes
• Implementation of social programs
• Environment protection
• Supporting culture, caring for historical heritage

• Defense of the country from external threats
• Cooperation with other states
• Participation in the activities of international organizations

• Territory

• Population

• Political power

Typology of states

REPUBLIC

a state whose authorities are formed on the basis of general elections

plays a leading role in the political life of society the president

sets the tone in the political life of the country parliament

the president(like parliament) elected by the people

elective parliament forms and controls the government

the president is the head of both state and executive power in the country more stable: the legislative and executive branches are forced to cooperate

the president is elected by parliament and is only a nominal head of state

power may be less stable if parliament is fragmented into conflicting party groups

PRESIDENTIAL

PARLIAMENTARY

Basic forms of a republic

Presidential republic

Under a presidential form of government, the government of the country is directly subordinate to the president.

Supreme authorities of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Voters of the Republic

The president

Local Maslikhats

Parliament

Mazhilis

Senate

Parliament

Government

Typology of states

MONARCHY

a form of government in which supreme power in society either fully or partially belongs to a single hereditary ruler - the monarch

the power of the monarch has no serious restrictions and is autocratic in nature

the power of the monarch is limited by the constitution and/or the parliament operating in the state

ABSOLUTE

CONSTITUTIONAL

Basic forms of monarchy

Main types of states by national structure

State type

a brief description of

Unitary state

• single state
• unified constitution and citizenship
• unified system of law, authorities and management
• divided into administrative-territorial units

Federal State

Unites relatively independent state entities, which, along with the presence of common federal bodies and structures, may have:

Confederation

• own constitution
• their legal and judicial systems
• their authorities

unification of independent states to jointly solve common problems;

unstable:

usually either disintegrates, or develops into a federation

Functions of the rule of law

• Economic

2. Law enforcement

3. Social

4. Political

Rule of law and civil society

Functions of civil society

1. Protection of private spheres of human and citizen life

2. Public self-government

3. Protection of citizens and their associations from illegal interference in their activities by government authorities

4. Ensuring guarantees of human rights and victories, equal access to participation in state and public affairs

5. Social control in relation to its members

6.Communication function

7. Stabilizing function

• right to life, liberty and security of person
• right to protection of honor and dignity
• right to a fair, independent and public trial

• the right to elect and be elected to government bodies
• freedom of thought, belief, speech, conscience
• freedom of union and association, demonstration and assembly

• right to private property
• right to business activity
• the right to freely dispose of one's labor force

• right to work and social security
• right to housing and favorable environment
• right to health

• right to education and access to cultural property
• freedom of artistic and technical creativity

Civil

Political

Economic

Social

A political institution is a set of principles and norms, formal and informal rules that regulate processes in the sphere of politics. Political institutions appear in the form of political organizations and institutions. Political institutions By form State: parliament, government, court Non-state: parties, social movements, organizations By principles of activity Traditional: based on rigid rituals, rules and traditions Modernized: based on flexible norms and rules, weakly dependent on moral precepts By the nature of the organization Formal : regulated by legal norms Informal: regulated by personal relationships and moral norms personal connections, clientelism, corruption, clans and mafias, civil society

The state is a universal territorial form of organization of political power in a socially heterogeneous society with a national or multinational structure, where a legal order is maintained, established by a political elite that has the legal right to use coercion. The state as a social contract of citizens for the protection and guarantee of human rights and freedoms Contractual legal state National state Class state The state is an instrument for realizing the interests of the economically dominant class The state as a universal mechanism for the implementation of the “collective spirit of the nation”, the implementation of the national idea The state arises, exists and develops as the result of the complication of socio-economic life, as a tool for streamlining the joint satisfaction of social interests.

The state is built on the basis of territorial, ethnic and political community Signs of the state Presence of public power System of taxes, duties and loans Territory Sovereignty System of law Monopoly on the legal use of force State structure for the division of power System of legislative representative institutions Executive and administrative bodies Judicial bodies Internal External State structure according to functions performed

Functions of the state are the main directions of activity in implementing the state's tasks of developing civil society and relations with the world community External Participation in solving global problems of our time Ensuring national security Development of mutually beneficial cooperation with other countries Protecting state interests in international relations Internal Economic Social Legal Cultural and educational Political Environmental Organizational Consolidation of Society Social Arbitration

The form of the state is a way of organizing political power, covering, along with the political regime, the form of government and the form of government. Features The form of the state determines: who and how rules in society, how state power structures are structured in it, how the population in a given territory is united and connected with state, with the help of what methods and techniques state power is exercised. Political life in society and the stability of state institutions depend on the form of the state. Elements of the form of the state Form of government - the order of formation and organization of public authorities, their relationship with each other and the population Form of government - territorial structure state, the relationship between the state and its constituent territorial units Political (state) regime - a system of methods, methods and means of exercising state power

Form of government - an element of the form of the state that characterizes the organization of the supreme state power, the order of formation of its bodies and their relationship with the population Forms of government, distinguished depending on the position of the head of state Monarchy - power is fully or partially in the hands of the sole head of state Signs Varieties Power is transferred by inheritance Implemented indefinitely Does not depend on the will of the population Absolute - the only bearer of the sovereignty of the state is the monarch (Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman) Parliamentary - the bearer of sovereignty along with the monarch State bodies that limit his power act. The monarch is the head of state and has the right to participate in the activities of legislative bodies (Great Britain, Sweden, Norway, Spain, Japan) Dualistic - the monarch is vested primarily with executive power (Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco)

Form of government Forms of government, distinguished depending on the position of the head of state Signs Republic - the head of state is elected and replaceable, and his power is considered to be derived from the will of voters or a representative body Election of power Urgency Dependence on the will of voters Presidential Parliamentary Mixed Varieties

Types of republics depending on who forms the government, to whom it is accountable and controlled Presidential (USA, Argentina, Venezuela) Parliamentary (Italy, Germany, Israel) Mixed (Austria, Finland, France) The President is elected by an electoral college or popular vote and is the head states and governments The President appoints the government and directs its activities The President is vested with the right of suspensive veto on decisions of the legislative body of state power The Government is formed by parliament and is responsible to it The parliament has the right to express a vote of no confidence in the activities of the government, ministers, and the head of government The head of state with representative functions is the president, who elected by parliament. The real head of state is the head of government. The government's dual responsibility: to the president and to parliament. The president and parliament are elected directly by the people. The head of state is the president, who appoints the head of government. Parliament controls the government by approving the country's budget, as well as through the right to vote no confidence in the government.

The form of government is the administrative-territorial structure of the state, which reveals the nature of the relationship between its component parts, between central and local government bodies Unitary state Federation Confederation Supreme bodies of legislative, executive and judicial power that are common to the entire state There is one constitution and a single system of legislation Components states (regions, districts) do not have state sovereignty Unified armed forces Foreign policy is carried out by central authorities The territory consists of individual entities (states, republics, cantons) Supreme power in the state belongs to federal government bodies Subjects have the right to create their own system of legislation and state authorities Single union citizenship Foreign policy is carried out by central authorities Does not have common legislative, executive and judicial authorities Does not have a single army, a single tax system and a single state budget Retains the citizenship of states that are in the union Solve problems of an economic and defense nature Union members can agree on unified monetary, customs systems, unified interstate credit policy

DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF A MODERN STATE ETATIST CREATION OF LEGISLATION REGULATION OF THE ECONOMY SOLVING GLOBAL PROBLEMS DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES BETWEEN REGIONS COMPLICATION OF DECISION MAKING PROCEDURES DE-ETATIST CITIZEN ACTIVITY OF SOCIETY ITS CONTROL OVER THE STATE EXPANDING THE INFLUENCE OF PARTIES AND INTEREST GROUPS DECENTRALIZATION OF POWER STRENGTHENING SELF-GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES Slide 11k

“Forms of Government” - The government is responsible to the president. The executive branch is formed by parliament. Democracy is rule by an organized majority. The institution of the president may exist (the president is elected by parliament). Aristocracy is rule by a minority. Absolute monarchies: Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain.

“Developed socialism” - Recognition of public self-government as an ideal of social structure. The state defines and consolidates the norms and principles of social justice. Denial of material interest and economic freedom of individuals. The founders of socialism are German Marxists E. Bernstein and K. Kautsky.

“The state in the political system” - The state is the result of the manifestation of the human psyche. Transport arteries. Conditions for the existence of civil society. Typology of states. Interaction between civil society, law and state. Judicial system. Elements of the state. State security bodies. By political regime: Totalitarian; Authoritarian; Democratic state.

“Political culture” - Typology of political cultures. Manifestations of value orientations. Patriarchal culture - lack of interest in politics. Man in political life. Political value orientations. Culture is largely determined by the type of political system. What is political consciousness and political behavior?

“Political power” - State. National relations. Personal enrichment. Politicians. Political parties. The state is an instrument of power. Human. Subjects and objects of politics. How is political power different from other types of power? Events and issues of domestic and international public life. Why do people need politics? Authority.

“Political conflict” - Conflict resolution. Contradictions between different political actors. Conflicts also arise as a result of political contradictions. Development of political conflict. Basic concepts and terms. Conflict resolution. Three types of agreement. Conflict in politics: is it evil or necessary? Political conflict.

There are a total of 25 presentations in the topic

Topic study plan: 1. The concept of a political institution. 2. The state as a political institution. Its signs. 3. Functions of the state. 4. Forms of government in the modern world. Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

A political institution is a set of roles and statuses designed to satisfy political needs. First of all, this is the state, parliament, presidency, political parties and pressure groups, legal systems and courts, electoral systems, etc. Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Theories of the origin of the state - Theological - Marxist Marxist - Conquest - Conflict Conflict - Contract Contract - Trade org Irrigation theory Irrigation theory - Irrigation theory Irrigation theory Features of a state - territory - population - power - sovereignty - monopoly on the legal use of force - exclusive right to issue laws - universality - the right to collect taxes and fees from the population Svetlana Valerievna Zlochevskaya Higher Technical School of Shchuchinsk

Elements of the state. State Administration apparatus Citizens Structure of the state Representative bodies Judicial system Executive and administrative bodies Supervisory and control bodies Public order bodies Armed forces State security bodies Svetlana Valerievna Zlochevskaya Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Functions of the state Internal External Legislative Economic Social Ensuring law and order Cultural and educational Ensuring external security and integrity of the state, its independence Cooperation with other states Participation in solving global problems Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Form of territorial structure The administrative-territorial and national structure of the state, revealing the nature of the relationship between its components, between central and local authorities. unitary federal confederal Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Theological theory. Explains the emergence of the state by Divine will. by will. the idea of ​​the inviolability of subordination the idea of ​​the inviolability of subordination to the state state will as the power of God, but at the same time the dependence of the state on the divine will of the state on the divine will Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Marxist (materialist) theory. the state appeared as a result of the social division of labor, the emergence of private property, classes and exploitation. The state is a machine of suppression, a machine of suppression in the hands of the ruling class (slave owners, feudal lords or bourgeoisie). (slave owners, feudal lords or bourgeoisie). Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Conquest theory. (19th century French historians Guizot and Thierry, Austrian sociologist L. Gumplowicz, famous Marxist theorist (19th century French historians Guizot and Thierry, Austrian sociologist L. Gumplowicz, famous Marxist theorist K. Kautsky, etc.) K. Kautsky and others .) the state is the state is the result of conquest the result of the conquest of some peoples by others - according to it, the conquerors - according to it, the conquerors were forced to create it were forced to create it to control the conquered. to control the conquered. Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Contract theory of the origin of the state, Contract theory of the origin of the state, among its adherents were the English philosophers T. Hobbes and D. Locke T. Hobbes and D. Locke as well as the French thinker and the French thinker of the 18th century. J. - J. Rousseau, 18th century. J. - J. Rousseau, relies on the so-called. theory of social contract, contract, the state arises as a result of the state arises as a result of the agreement of all members of society of the agreement of all members of society on its establishment when leaving about its establishment when leaving the natural (tribal) from the natural (tribal) state. condition. Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Conflict theory. Its adherents are American political scientists M. Fried and R. Carneiro, based on the fact that in a human society already at the tribal stage, at a certain moment, competition in the struggle inevitably intensifies competition in the struggle for vital resources, for vital resources , which gives rise to a large number of internal conflicts, internal conflicts and wars. The only way out of such a state is the establishment of state power capable of ensuring order. Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Existing even before the creation of states, trade exchanges between tribes for exchanges between tribes over long distances contribute to strengthening the power of tribal leaders strengthening the power of the leaders of tribal unions - receiving from outside the unions - receiving outlandish goods from outside their possessions, they inevitably strengthen their power and influence, gradually creating a state apparatus around themselves. apparatus. Trade theory author - American political scientist M. Webb Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher Technical School of Shchuchinsk

Irrigation is considered, the origin of the state is considered, using the example of a state using the example of Ancient Egypt. The agroclimatic conditions of this country - a desert, a narrow strip of cultivated land irrigated during the seasonal floods of the Nile - required a regulated and equal distribution of water among agricultural communities. the need for a centralized irrigation system, the existence of which, in turn, required specialized bureaucracy; the bureaucracy gradually creates a centralized state. the need for a centralized irrigation system, the existence of which, in turn, required specialized bureaucracy; the bureaucracy gradually creates a centralized state. Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

A unitary state is a single, politically homogeneous organization consisting of territorial units that do not have their own statehood. The presence of a single national sovereignty, a single constitution, a system of legislation and citizenship; The presence of a single national sovereignty, a single constitution, a system of legislation and citizenship; Unified system of government bodies. Unified system of government bodies. All local decisions are made only within the framework of the instructions of the central authorities. All local decisions are made only within the framework of the instructions of the central authorities. Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

The Federation is a stable union of regions, independent within the limits of the powers distributed between them and the Center, having their own legislative, judicial and executive bodies, elected (formed) directly locally. The Federation is a stable union of regions, independent within the limits of the powers distributed between them and the Center, having their own legislative, judicial and executive bodies, elected (formed) directly locally. The presence of dual sovereignty, a dual system of laws and a two-tier state apparatus; The presence of dual sovereignty, a dual system of laws and a two-tier state apparatus; The sovereignty of the federation on key issues is higher than the sovereignty of its subjects The sovereignty of the federation on key issues is higher than the sovereignty of its subjects Regional authorities - the administration (government) and parliament - are formed by the population of the regions, at the same time accountable to it and the central government, and can make decisions within the powers granted to them by the Constitution of the country ; Regional authorities - the administration (government) and parliament - are formed by the population of the regions, at the same time accountable to it and the central government, and can make decisions within the powers granted to them by the Constitution of the country; Availability of a two-channel taxation system; Availability of a two-channel taxation system; The territory of the federation consists of the territories of its individual subjects (states, republics, etc.) The territory of the federation consists of the territories of its individual subjects (states, republics, etc.) Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

A confederation is a more or less permanent union of states that fully retain their state sovereignty in order to realize some common goals. Members of the confederation transfer to the competence of allied bodies the resolution of only a limited number of issues, most often in the field of defense, foreign policy, transport and communications, and the monetary system. Confederations existed for some time after the declaration of independence in the USA (), Switzerland (from its creation until 1848), Germany () until its unification into a single state by military means during the time of Chancellor Bismarck. Finally, the idea of ​​​​creating a confederation of the USA and Great Britain to consolidate their dominance in the world and counter the advance of communism was voiced in the famous speech of British Prime Minister W. Churchill in 1946 in Fulton, but it was never realized. Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Republic parliamentarypresidential Formation of government on a parliamentary basis; Government accountability to parliament. The head of government is the first person in the country; The president's powers are limited; The government within the framework of a parliamentary republic has Spanish. power and the right of legislative initiative, the right to petition the president to dissolve parliament. The President is elected by the people; The President directs domestic and foreign policy; The President, either entirely independently or partially with the consent of Parliament, appoints members of the Cabinet of Ministers, who in their activities are personally responsible to him; As the head of the executive branch, the President manages the unified vertical of the executive branch. The powers of parliament are limited. The President has the right to veto decisions of Parliament. Zlochevskaya Svetlana Valerievna Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

Homework. 1. Using the account. geography (endpaper), write down the 10 largest states, the area of ​​their territory, form of government, form of national-territorial structure (Fill out the table); 1. Using the account. geography (endpaper), write down the 10 largest states, the area of ​​their territory, form of government, form of national-territorial structure (Fill out the table); 2. Work with the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan: outline the form of government, the form of the national-territorial structure of our state. 2. Work with the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan: outline the form of government, the form of the national-territorial structure of our state. State Territory area Form of government Form of national-territorial structure Svetlana Valerievna Zlochevskaya Higher technical school of Shchuchinsk

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STATE

THE CONCEPT OF THE TERM “STATE” THE STATE is the main institution of the political system, organizing, directing and controlling the joint activities and relationships of people, groups, classes. STATE is a political organization of a given country, including a certain type of government regime, bodies and structure of government.

Only the state legitimizes (legitimizes) political power in society. Only government bodies have a monopoly on the development and application of legal norms. Only the mechanism of the state regulates the functioning of other political institutions within the framework of existing laws. THE STATE IS THE BASIC INSTITUTION OF SOCIETY AND POLITICAL SYSTEM

Signs of a state 1. Having its own territory and population 2. Having public authority (that is, it has a state apparatus consisting of government bodies and officials) 3. Monopoly lawmaking. 4.Monopoly tax collection. 5. Monopoly right to issue banknotes 6. Internal and external sovereignty.

SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE INTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY: EXTERNAL SOVEREIGNTY: 1. The right to determine one’s own form of government and form of government is not limited by anyone. 1. The right to exchange official representatives with other states: ambassadors and consuls. 2. The absolute right to create and use public authorities. 2. The right to have representation in interstate, international and regional organizations. 3. Monopoly right to publish and apply laws. 3. The right to conclude agreements with other sovereign states in all areas of joint activities. 4. Economic prerogatives (exclusive rights): drawing up and executing the state budget, collecting taxes, using the national currency and the currencies of other countries.

THEORIES OF THE ORIGIN OF THE STATE

MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE Functions of the state Internal functions External functions Organizational Law-making Economic Social (cultural) Protective Ensuring state security Representative Educational Development of cooperation

Branches of domestic policy. Monetary Demographic Youth Legislative Judicial Protection of the population Policy in education, cinema, museum affairs.

How does the government work? Stage 1 - identifying problems and their causes. Stage 2 - determine goals and objectives to eliminate problems. Stage 3 - adoption of programs and their implementation. Stage 4 analysis of performance results.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STATE FORM OF THE STATE - a set of basic methods of organization, structure and exercise of state power, expressing its essence. FORM OF THE STATE POLITICAL REGIME FORM OF GOVERNMENT STATE ORGANIZATION is the territorial and political organization of the state and the relationships between the state as a whole and its parts.

FORMS OF STATE (TERRITORIAL) STRUCTURE A unitary state (unitarian) is characterized by a simple form of structure, a single constitution and citizenship, a single system of supreme authorities, law and courts operating throughout the country. A federal state (federation) is a complex form of territorial structure of a state in which the territorial units (subjects of the federation) that are part of the state have political, legal, economic and cultural independence and have their own administrative-territorial division.

FORM OF GOVERNMENT - a way of organizing the highest bodies of government. FORMS OF GOVERNMENT

MONARCHY The head of state is the monarch, in whose hands all the fullness of state power is concentrated, either in reality (absolute (unlimited) monarchy) or formally (constitutional (limited) monarchy). As a rule, monarchical power is inherited and indefinitely, that is, for life. Legal irresponsibility of the monarch, that is, the non-extension of the laws of a given state to him as an individual. The right of the monarch to represent his state of his own free will. MONARCHY - (from the Greek monos - one and arhe - power) a form of government in which supreme power is fully or partially concentrated in the hands of one person and is inherited by him.

TYPES OF MONARCHIES AND THEIR SIGNS Criteria Absolute Dualistic Parliamentary Belonging of legislative power to the Monarch Separation between the monarch and parliament to Parliament Exercising executive power by the Monarch Formally - the monarch, practically - the government Appointment of the head of government by the Monarch Formally - the monarch, but taking into account parliamentary elections Responsibility of the government To the monarch To the parliament Law dissolution of parliament There is no parliament The monarch (unlimited) The monarch (on the recommendation of the government) The monarch's right of veto on parliamentary decisions Absolute veto Provided for, but not used Provided for, but not used Extraordinary decree legislation of the monarch Unlimited - a decree can have the force of law Only in the period between sessions of parliament Provided, but not used

REPUBLIC As a rule, the power of the head of state and various government bodies is limited to a certain specific period, after which they resign their powers (the principle of turnover). The predominance of the principle of election of the head of state and other supreme bodies of state power. Collective government, built on the real or formal division of power among its branches (depending on the political regime). Responsibility of the head of state and other officials for their actions in cases specified by law. REPUBLIC – (from Latin respublica – public matter) a form of government, which should be distinguished by the elective nature of the formation of the highest bodies of state power.

TYPES OF REPUBLICS AND THEIR SIGNS

Recently, there has definitely been a political trend in Russia towards a presidential form of government, built on strengthening the vertical of power. Elections of governors and presidents of republics by representative bodies of power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the proposal of the President of the Russian Federation. (appointment of governors) The emergence of the institution of plenipotentiary representatives of the President of the Russian Federation in the federal districts. The right of the President of the Russian Federation to dissolve regional parliaments. In modern Russia it is difficult to determine the form of republican government, since we combine the characteristics of a mixed and presidential republic

POLITICAL REGIMES POLITICAL REGIMES are techniques and methods of exercising state power.

DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY is the power of the people (from the Greek “demos” - people, “kratos” - power). SOLON CLEISTHENES PERICLES

Signs of a democratic regime Democracy Government based on the consent of the governed Majority rule Strict observance of rights and freedoms Free and fair elections Equality of citizens before the law Independent judiciary Tolerance, cooperation, willingness to compromise

FORMS OF DEMOCRACY

Problems of Democracy The selection of candidates for legislative bodies is carried out by parties. The high cost of elections, the presence of various qualifications. In fact, there is no equality between citizens (a millionaire has a greater chance of being elected than an ordinary citizen) In the field of international relations (more developed economic countries take on the mission of “world government”), thereby infringing on the rights of other states.

Signs of an authoritarian regime 1. The authorities respect civil liberties, but behave harshly towards society. 2. Power is in the hands of one or a group of people 3. Management is based on force 4. Elections are held irregularly. 5.Elections are often rigged. 6.The media does not reflect all opinions of the population.

TOTALITARIANISM

Signs of a totalitarian regime Tyrannical, dictatorial power Total control over people Unjudicial repression Militarization of public life Monopartyism Monoideology