(based on the story by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”)

The story “The Captain's Daughter” is one of the historical works of A. S. Pushkin. The writer recreated the history of the Pugachev rebellion in the form of notes from a participant in the events, an officer in Catherine’s army, Pyotr Grinev. Historical events influence and determine the fate of all the characters in the story. An important problem in the story is the problem of honor and duty. It is no coincidence that the epigraph to the work is the popular proverb: “Take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age.” It is also the main principle of the life of Grinev Sr.

For Andrei Petrovich Grinev, who is a representative of the old service nobility, the concept of honor is, first of all, the honor of an officer and a nobleman. “Serve faithfully to whom you pledge allegiance. “Listen to your superiors…” - this is how the father instructs his son. Matching Grinev the father is the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress, Mironov, who refuses to swear allegiance to Pugachev: “You are not my sovereign. You are a thief and an impostor." He understands that he will be hanged, but even under pain of death he does not break his oath. Ivan Kuzmich fulfilled his duty, defending the fortress until the last minute and not fearing death: “To die like that is a serviceable deed.” For Grinev the father, death is also not terrible, but the loss of honor is terrible: “It is not execution that is terrible... But for a nobleman to betray his oath...”. He sees the duty of an officer in serving the Fatherland, and not in duels and burning money in the capital, which is why he sends his son Peter to serve in the Belogorsk fortress.

Pyotr Grinev is a representative of a different generation, therefore his concept of honor is somewhat different. He expands this concept to a universal and civil meaning. Peter enters the battle for the honor of Masha Mironova; fights duels, knowing that they are prohibited. He puts human honor above that of an officer. Grinev recognizes the heroic qualities of the leader of the uprising, but this does not mean that he can break the oath: “I am a natural nobleman, I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” He will go against Pugachev: an officer’s duty commands him to fight against an impostor, a thief and a murderer. The sense of duty stands above personal interests, above his feelings: “... the duty of honor required my presence in the army of the empress.”

Shvabrin is a completely different person. Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin is a former guards officer, transferred to serve in the Belogorsk fortress for a duel. He betrays his oath and goes into the service of Pugachev, although he deeply despises both the people and the leader himself. For him, the concepts of “honor”, ​​“duty”, “oath” do not exist; It is important for him to save lives in any way. Shvabrin betrays the officer's duty. And he most likely courted Masha Mironova because of the boredom of garrison life. Rejected, he is filled with a thirst for revenge and tries in every way to denigrate Masha.

Grinev, communicating with Pugachev, understands that in front of him is not just a rebel, but a man with his own principles, with a sense of duty and honor. “Debt is worth paying,” says Pugachev. Having appreciated Grinev's kindness and courage, the impostor cannot hang him. “Execute like that, execute like that, favor like that.” He does not see Grinev as an enemy. Subsequently, Pugachev will help Peter and punish Shvabrin.

For us, as for A.S. Pushkin, the uprising led by Pugachev is history. But the eternal choice remains: honor or dishonor, duty or irresponsibility.

In literature lessons, we became acquainted with A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter,” where most attention is paid to the issue of honor. Using the example of two heroes of the work: Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin, the author showed us how people can behave differently in the same situations.

From childhood, Peter Grinev was taught that he should always and in any situation be an honest and noble person. Grinev was a well-mannered man and lived among moral people with strong moral principles. Sending him to serve, his father gave the order: “serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; do not turn away from service; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.” Grinev was only 17 years old at the time, but he remembered his father’s words very well.

When Peter lost one hundred rubles to Zurin, despite Savelich’s protests, he forced him to return the lost money, as it was a matter of honor. So in the work we first noticed the nobility of this man.

In the Belgorod fortress, Grinev had the opportunity to meet Alexei Shvabrin. This man had a good education, but at the same time he was selfish, vindictive and ignoble. Shvabrin spoke with contempt about the inhabitants of the fortress, slandered Masha only because she did not reciprocate his feelings; he constantly spread gossip and never punished himself for it - for him it was an ordinary thing. Grinev, showing his nobility, immediately stood up for the lady and challenged Shvabrin to a duel, although he knew that duels were prohibited. It’s just that Grinev values ​​a person’s honor as much as an officer’s honor.

When the siege of the fortress began, Shvabrin realized that victory would be on Pugachev’s side, and therefore immediately went over to his side. For Grinev, it was better to die than to betray the Motherland and break the oath. Peter saved himself from hanging thanks to his own kindness: in Pugachev he recognized his guide, to whom he had once given a hare sheepskin coat; Emelyan, in turn, also remembered this manifestation of goodness and pardoned Grinev. Pugachev offered to serve him, but Peter refused, explaining that he had already sworn an oath to serve the empress and would not be able to break the oath of allegiance. Grinev honestly admitted to Pugachev that if he was ordered, he would fight against him. But, despite this, Pugachev released Peter.

At the end of the story, Shvabrin is executed for treason, but he manages to inform Grinev that he was on good terms with Pugachev. Masha managed to achieve justice and Peter was released from lifelong exile. Masha tells the empress the whole truth, although Peter, for reasons of honor, decided not to speak at the trial about Masha’s involvement in this case, so that she would not have to relive the horrors that she suffered in the fortress. Grinev comes to Pugachev’s execution, thereby expressing his gratitude for saving Masha and their happiness.

In his story, A.S. Pushkin wanted to show that honor in society is not an empty word, great meaning is invested in it, and that a man of honor is much happier and luckier than a dishonest man.

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Creative work

An essay about:“Take care of your honor from a young age”

Completed by an 11th grade student

MKOU "Utamyshskaya Secondary School"

Vagabova Madina

From teaching experience.

Life lessons based on the story by A.S. Pushkin, The Captain's Daughter."

Having finished studying the story by A.S. Pushkin, The Captain's Daughter, I bring the children to the final stage of the lessons - the students will have to write a class essay.

Essays are the sparks of students’ creativity. All children are talented in their own way.

Teaching them to think, to give their own assessment of the problem posed, to express personal opinion is the task of a literature teacher.

The class chose the topic of the essay, “Take care of your honor from a young age.”

I’m reading the interpretation of the word “honor” from the Dictionary of the Russian Language by S.I. Ozhegov: “Honor is the moral qualities of a person worthy of respect and pride.”

During the conversation, students express their personal opinions on this issue. Pyotr Grinev passed the test of honor, unlike Alexei Shvabrin; he turned out to be a man without honor and conscience.

I think that A.S. Pushkin endowed this scoundrel with the telling surname Shvabrin - from the word “mop”, this is something dirty, unscrupulous..."

In our time, it is also very important to preserve honor from a young age.”

Students answer the questions: Why did the story get such a name?

Who is narrating the story? How does the author show human dignity in the behavior and actions of the heroes? How do P. Grinev’s character traits manifest themselves in difficult life situations for him? Did you like the story?

Composition.

Take care of your honor from a young age.

(based on the story by A.S. Pushkin, The Captain's Daughter")

People at all times have been worried about the eternal problems of life and death, love and hate, the choice of honor and dishonor... Everything changes in this world, universal moral concepts remain unchanged.

When they talk about honor, nobility and true love, images of Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova from A.S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter” appear before me.

This work, despite its small volume, is full of deep meaning. The action of the story takes place during the uprising of E. Pugachev of 1772-1776.

The young officer Pyotr Grinev was sent to the Belogorsk fortress.

Along the way, he commits rash acts and loses 100 rubles in a tavern. Arriving at the fortress, Grinev met the daughter of commandant Mironov, Masha. The young man liked Masha.

Because of the girl, he quarreled with officer Shvabrin, who wooed her, but was refused. Grinev did not allow Masha’s good name to be discredited.

He challenges the offender to a duel. Grinev acted like a real man. Grinev’s subsequent behavior is based on his father’s orders: “Serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance, obey your superiors; don’t chase their affection..., remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.”

The father's order to serve whom he swore allegiance becomes a code of honor for Grinev.

In the life of every person there is an intersection of two roads, and at the crossroads there is a stone with the inscription: “If you walk through life with honor, you will die.” If you go against honor, you will live.” It was precisely this stumbling block that the officers of the Belogorsk fortress faced: Grinev and Shvabrin.

Even under pain of death, Grinev will refuse to kiss Pugachev’s hand. He stuck his sinewy hand in his face and said in an authoritative voice:

Kiss the hand!" Some came up and kissed, others chose death. Kissing the hand means betraying honor. Not kissing means going to death. Grinev chooses death. At Pugachev’s offer to serve “him, Grinev will say: “I swore allegiance to the empress, I won’t serve you.” Can".

Grinev is characterized by such qualities as valor, dignity, and loyalty. His family had high ideas about honor and duty. For Grinev, honor and duty are above all.

Shvabrin confronts Grinev. If Grinev is a hero, then Shvabrin is a villain. Shvabrin, realizing that the fortress will soon be captured by the rebels, runs over to the side of the enemy. He imitates Pugachev in everything: in clothes, in behavior, he tries to please him in everything. Shvabrin does not understand what honor is; the main thing for him is to survive.

When talking about honor, how can one not talk about the Mironov spouses, for whom honor and duty are the meaning of life. They are pure, tall people who look death in the face with dignity.

We can safely say that all of Pushkin’s works touch on the problem of morality and immorality.

The heroes of the story "The Captain's Daughter" are in exceptional circumstances, where all aspects of their characters are revealed.

This story shocked me. I think again and again about the actions of the heroes of this magnificent work. I deeply like the images of Masha Mironova and Pyotr Grinev. A man is alive as long as he remains a Man.

In A. S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter,” the main place is given to the issue of honor. Using the example of two heroes: Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin, Pushkin showed how people can behave differently in the same situations.

From childhood, Peter Grinev was taught that, regardless of the circumstances, he must be honest and noble. Grinev received a good upbringing and lived among moral people with strong moral principles. Sending him to serve, his father gave the order: “serve faithfully to whom you swear allegiance; obey your superiors; Don’t chase their affection; don’t ask for service; do not turn away from service; and remember the proverb: take care of your dress again, but take care of your honor from a young age.” Grinev was only 17 years old at the time, but he remembered his father’s instructions well.

One day Peter lost one hundred rubles to Zurin, despite protests from Savelich, he forced him to repay the debt, as it was a matter of honor. This is how we first noticed Grinev’s nobility.

In the Belgorod fortress, Grinev met Alexei Shvabrin, who was a nobleman with a good education, but by nature he was a very selfish, vindictive and ignoble person. Shvabrin spoke with contempt about the inhabitants of the fortress and slandered Masha only for the reason that she did not reciprocate his feelings. He spread gossip and was not at all bothered by the consequences. Grinev immediately stood up for the girl and challenged Shvabrin to a duel, although he knew that duels were prohibited. It’s just that for Grinev, a person’s honor was no less important than an officer’s honor.

When the siege of the fortress began, Shvabrin without hesitation went over to Pugachev’s side. Grinev decided that it was better to die than to allow treason to the Motherland and break the oath. Peter was saved from hanging by his own kindness: in Pugachev he recognized his guide, to whom he had once given a hare sheepskin coat; in turn, Emelyan also remembered the good and pardoned Grinev. Pugachev also invited Grinev to serve him, but Peter refused, citing the fact that he had already sworn to serve the Empress and would not break the oath of allegiance. He honestly admitted to Pugachev that if ordered, he would enter into battle against him, but Pugachev still decided to let Peter go, since there was at least some generosity in his soul.

At the end of the story, Shvabrin is executed for treason, but he manages to inform Grinev that he was on good terms with Pugachev. Thanks to Masha, Peter is released from lifelong exile. Masha told the empress the whole truth, although Grinev did not speak at the trial about Masha’s involvement in this case, so that she would not have to relive the horrors that she suffered in the fortress. Grinev comes to Pugachev’s execution in order to express his gratitude for Masha’s salvation and their happiness.

In his story “The Captain's Daughter” A.S. Pushkin wanted to show the importance of honor, what meaning is invested in it and that a man of honor is always happier and luckier than a dishonest man.

Along with the article “Essay on the topic “Take care of honor from a young age”” read:

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A person must understand that the honor given to him must be protected and under no circumstances become overgrown with holes, and for this it is necessary to put in a lot of work and work on oneself. Of course, all this is extremely obvious and the concept of taking care of your honor from a young age implies constant self-improvement and the ability to maintain your honor in society and protect it in every possible way, which accordingly suggests that a person must very stubbornly resist all those people who want to attack your honor.

This applies not only to men, but also to women, for whom the concept of honor implies, first of all, an appropriate lifestyle led by her and, of course, monitoring how and what she does, first of all, in terms of modesty, honesty and in terms of morality, which of course, it fully emphasizes all those features of a woman’s honor in the eyes of other people, and a man’s in this regard is radically different despite the nasty cries; it lies primarily in his ability to live by honor and act so that his actions do not run counter to his honor and did not in any way tarnish the honor he preserved in the eyes of other people.

It is worth realizing that earlier honor was not an empty word, and therefore if you do not take care of it from a young age, then you can become covered with such a crust of dishonor and shame that then you will have to want for a very long time to go back and correct your dishonorable deeds of the past, and this will all end up very seriously on the shoulders of a person who has committed deeds contrary to the concept of honor. Therefore, from childhood it is necessary to instill in your children the concept of preserving honor from a young age and then they will grow up to be good people.