From time immemorial, a common custom has come to us, Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Uzbeks, Armenians, Georgians and other peoples: a careful, respectful attitude towards bread. This custom was passed down from generation to generation and was instilled in the child from the first days of his life. I offer you a scenario for a class lesson for elementary school students on the topic: caring for bread. This material will be useful to teachers, organizers of extracurricular activities, and librarians.

Download:

Preview:

Bread - father

Library hour for elementary school students

Target:

Fostering respect for work and respect for bread.

Demo material:

Book exhibition; Reproductions of paintings; A piece of black bread 125g;

buns; Recording of the song “Crust of Bread”: words by P. Sinyavsky, music

Yu. Chichkova.

Handout:Envelopes with proverbs and sayings about bread.

Progress of the event:

A recording of the song “Crust of Bread” is playing.

Librarian:

Guys! Today we will talk about bread. The history of bread is the history of the people. How did bread appear on earth? This discovery is over 15 thousand years old. This is evidenced by numerous archaeological finds and written sources. A long time ago, people simply ate raw grains, then learned to grind them between stones and mix them with water. The very first bread was in the form of liquid porridge. When people learned to make fire, they began to fry crushed grains with water. In ancient times, bread was highly revered; it was considered a separate dish.

Great artists dedicated their paintings to bread. In honor of bread, poems, songs, proverbs and sayings were composed, rituals were performed, and holidays were held. Let's remember proverbs and sayings about bread. Halves of proverbs are written on the cards. You need to connect them, read them and explain their meaning. (Work in groups)

Proverbs and sayings about bread

The earth is mother, and bread is father.

Bread is life.

Bread is the breadwinner.

You can live without gold, but not without bread.

Bread is the grandfather of the whole world.

If there is bread, there will be a song.

Lunch is bad when there is no bread.

He who has bread has happiness.

Bread comes from the earth, strength comes from the bread.

Bread on the road is not a burden.

Bread is the head of everything.

Our daily bread, although black, is delicious

Guys, now listen carefully to the riddles about bread and name the answers:

1. What can't you bake bread without?

(without crust)

1. Bela Belyana

I was walking in the field,

came home

went from hand to hand.

(White bread)

1. She feeds the whole world, but she doesn’t eat herself.

(mill)

1. Everyone needs it, but not everyone can do it.

(bread)

1. A house grew up in a field,

The house is full of grain,

The walls are gilded

The shutters are boarded up

The house is shaking

On a golden pillar

(ear)

1. Lumpy, spongy,

And lipped and hunchbacked,

Both sour and fresh,

And red and round,

And easy and soft,

Both hard and brittle,

Both black and white

And all the people are nice.

(loaf)

1. Flapping its wings,

Yes, not a winged bird.

Doesn't sow, doesn't plow,

Rich in bread.

(mill)

1. Small, tasty

The wheel is edible.

(bagel)

1. They beat me, they stab me, they cut me,

But I endure everything - I pay people kindly.

(bread)

1. Mixed, pickled, dried,

Placed on the table.

(bread)

1. I threw one away and took a whole handful.

(corn)

1. The field is blooming together,

He will give us some bread...

(wheat)

1. Black bread is good!

He will give it to us...

(rye)

1. So that we can be proud of our loaves,

We collect spikelets in the field...

(wheat)

1. Stands like a wall

It makes noise like a wave,

Golden wave

No edge in sight.

(Wheat field)

1. A strong man walks

And behind him is the digger -

They get kalach.

(tractor in the field)

There are customs associated with bread and salt in Russia that have survived to this day. This is an ancient Russian custom - to greet guests, newlyweds, new residents with bread and salt (a symbol of fidelity and friendship), that is, by placing a loaf of black bread with a salt shaker on a towel. This is a sign of goodwill towards people. Hospitable people are called hospitable people. In the old days, there were many signs, beliefs, rituals and customs associated with people’s attitude towards bread. To be happy, you had to eat a piece of bread with salt at the beginning and end of lunch. In order for the waterman to save drowning people and guard fish in the river, the miller threw crumbs of bread and salt into the water. Disrespect for bread was equated to the most terrible insult that could be inflicted on a person. People talked about bread as a living being: bread is the breadwinner, bread is the father. From childhood, children were taught to value and cherish a piece of bread as the greatest wealth on earth.

Listen to H. C. Andersen's fairy tale "The Girl Who Stepped on Bread."

Questions:

1. Was Inge kind?
2. How did she treat her mother?
3. Where did Inge end up and why?
4. Who helped Inge realize her mistakes?
5. Who did Inge become?

Guys, how do you feel about bread? (Children's answers)

We sometimes forget about the true price of bread, that bread is the work of many people. Before grain is obtained from the seeds, the land must be plowed, harrowed, and then sown with the help of tractors, plows and other machines. After sowing, it is necessary to constantly cultivate the soil, feed it, and fight weeds. But ears of corn grown in the field are not yet bread. They need to be compressed, and this work is very hard, although technology comes to the rescue, a real battle is unfolding in the fields - the harvest. Then the grain is threshed, after which it must be sifted, sorted, dried and transported to grain warehouses. The grain is then ground and turned into flour. Dough is prepared from flour and bread is baked. You see how difficult and long the path of bread to our table is.

Medical scientists have calculated that an adult usually eats about 500 grams of bread per day. In besieged Leningrad, now called St. Petersburg, during the terrible war winter of 1942, they were given a small piece of bread of 125 grams per day. (Show the children a piece of bread) But people needed to work, they needed to live, they needed to survive in spite of the Nazis. For 900 long days and nights the city was surrounded by blockade. During this difficult time, Leningraders continued to work and fight in a hungry and besieged city. Children worked equally with adults. They knew how to appreciate every crumb of bread.

A crumb of bread fell to the ground -

There was less bread per crumb.

Somewhere in our unharvested field

How many grains lie along the arable land!

I wish I could put them together and in a bunch,

The bread would be baked white and fragrant.

We would grow stronger and become stronger,

We would break fascist prisons,

We would go out into battle again under bombing!

Yes, you need to spare the bread crumbs!

These are poems by Grigory Lyushkin, who wrote them in a fascist concentration camp. Bread was obtained at a high price for the people during the Great Patriotic War. People were starving, many were dying of hunger. For soldiers at the front, bread was news from home, from the wives and children who worked in the fields.

Evgeniy Vinokurov “Black Bread”

I remember bread. He was black and sticky

The rye flour was a little coarsely ground.

But faces blurred with smiles,

When the loaf was placed on the table.

Military bread. It was suitable for Lenten cabbage soup,

Crushed, it was not bad with kvass.

It stuck in my teeth and stuck to my gums.

We tore it off with our tongue.

It was sour, because it had bran!

I can’t guarantee that I was without quinoa.

And yet from the palm of your hand with greedy lips

I picked up crumbs after eating.

I am always with keen interest

And with a sinking heart I watched

Behind the menacing, cold-blooded bread-cutter,

He was cutting bread! He shared black bread!

I admired him, direct and honest,

He cut roughly, imperiously, without pretense,

Burnt crust, like charcoal,

Almost dirty up to the elbows.

His canvas shirt is wet,

He was very enthusiastic about work.

He cut bread, not knowing fatigue,

Without wiping your face with your sleeve!

Now we have a lot of delicious bread, but we have no right to treat it with disdain. We often see a piece of bread thrown on the ground, half-eaten buns in trash cans. And sometimes schoolchildren throwing pieces of bread at each other.

Listen to Sergei Mikhalkov’s poem “Bulka”, which Katya will tell you. (Reading a poem)

Sergey Mikhalkov “Bulka”

Three boys down the street

It's like playing football,

They pushed the bun back and forth

And they scored a goal with it.

An unfamiliar uncle walked past,

Stopped and sighed

And, almost without looking at the guys,

He reached out his hand to that bun.

Then, frowning angrily,

He blew the dust off her for a long time

And suddenly calm and open

He kissed her in front of everyone.

Who are you? - the children asked,

Forgetting about football for a while.

I’m a baker! - the man answered

And he slowly left with the bun.

And this word smelled like bread

And that special warmth

Which are poured under the sky

Sea of ​​wheat golden.

When you hold bread in your hands, always remember the blockade piece of bread of 125 grams. I think you will always take good care of your bread and never throw it away.

And now I invite two guys to say as many kind words as possible to this delicious bun. Whoever names the most words like this will get this delicious, fragrant bun. (A game)

I think that after today’s library hour you will look at bread differently and try to treat it more carefully. And tell other guys how to save bread and why.

List of materials used

1. Andersen, H.K. The Little Mermaid: Fairy Tales. Stories/Trans. from Danish - M.: Resurrection, 1996. - 400 p.
2. State Tretyakov Gallery/Auth.-comp. Y.K.Korolev, L.I.Iovleva. - M.: Fine Arts, 1998.-143s
3. Karmazin, V.D. Our bread / V.D. Karmazin. - M.: Pravda, 1986. - 448 p.
4. Likum, A. Everything about everything: A popular encyclopedia for children. T.2 / scientific editor. V.V. Slavkin. - M: Slovo, 1995.-510 p.
5. Mikhalkov, S.V. Favorite poems / S.V. Mikhalkov. - M.: AST-PRESS, 1997. - 320 pp. - ISBN-5-7805-0088-6
6. Russian folk riddles, proverbs, sayings./Compiled. Yu.G. Kruglov. - M.: Education, 1990. - 335 pp.: ill. - Literary Library).
7. I explore the world: Det. encycl.: Plants/Compiled by L.A.Bagrova; Under general editorship O. G. Heaney; Artist A.V. Kardashuk, O.M. Voitenko. - M.: TKO "AST", 1996. - 512 pp. - ISBN 5-88196-353-9
8. My favorite songs (Electronic resource). - M: Rep. Multimedia Center, 2001 (CD-ROM) System requirements: operating system Windows/95|98|2000 percent. Pentium 100MHz; 32MB RAM; screen 640/480; sound card; mouse.
9. Internet: yandex.ru/imaqes

BREAD - BATYUSHKA

A child comes out with a loaf of bread:

Here it is, fragrant bread,

With a fragile twisted crust,

Here it is warm and golden

As if filled with sunshine.

In it lies our health, strength,

There is wonderful warmth in it.

It contains the juices of the native land

The sun's light is cheerful in it.

Grab both cheeks!

Grow up to be a hero

Children enter the hall and start a round dance

The round dance “Loaf” is performed

Children walk in a circle and sing. In the center is a child with a loaf of bread

To preschoolers by car

The loaf has arrived today.

Stand up in a circle,

Choose whoever you want.

A child with a loaf of bread says loudly: "I choose a baker"

He approaches the child in a white cap, bows, and hands over the loaf.

Comes out into the circle Baker ».

He did not warm his side on the stove.

I baked a loaf for the guys.

Baker, play with us.

Choose whoever you want.

Baker: "I choose the miller"

He didn't talk nonsense

And he ground the grain into flour.

Miller play with us

Choose whoever you want.

Miller: “I choose the plowman!”

He didn't lie in the shade

And he raised and reaped bread.

(Everyone stops. Plowman lifts the loaf over his head.)

And the reward is a harvest!

And a fragrant loaf!

Hands over the loaf to the Teacher. All children sit down.

Leading:

Our Russian land is great and vast.

Our fields and fields are rich in harvests!

The people have a saying: “The bread of all life is the head!”

He is famous first on earth,

It is famous for being the first on the table!

Why do they say that, guys?“Bread - Father, water - Mother” ???

Just as in a family there is a head - a father (father), bread - the main food product - is just as important for a person’s life. But a family cannot live without a mother, just as a person cannot live without water. Without it, he will die of thirst.

Guys, what proverbs do you know about bread?

Children: “If there is no bread, you will be without lunch.”

“Not every bread plows, but everyone eats it.”

“If you want to eat rolls, don’t sit on the stove.”

Leading: And I know this proverb: “If you want rolls, work hard.” Whose labor do you think feeds a person?

Children: The work of parents and those people who raised everything we eat.

Leading: Who else does a person thank for the harvest?

Children: God. He is the Creator of all fruits, vegetables, and grains.

Leading: But what is bread made from?

Children: Made from flour.

Leading: Right. Now let's think about what flour is made from?

Children: From wheat, grain.

Leading: Well done, let's see what wheat grains look like.

(Children touch and examine grains of wheat)

Where do grains of wheat “live”?

Children: In a spikelet.

Leading: And if there are a lot of spikelets, it’s called CHOP. (Shows the children the sheaf)

Children : Poem “Harvest”

I'll go have a look and admire it.

What did the Lord send to people for their labors:

Above the waist Rye grainy

Dozing in ears Almost to the ground.

Leading: What did God send to people for their labors?

Children: Rye, spikelets to the ground.

Leading: Let's sing the song “What the grains dream about”

The song “WHAT DO GRAINS DREAM ABOUT” is performed

music M. Protasova, lyrics. V. Nesterenko

Leading: (reads the story BREAD)

The bread is baked either by the owners themselves or by bakers. Baking bread from dough

The dough is kneaded from flour, water and yeast. A miller grinds flour from grains in a mill. Bread grains ripen in the fields, in the ears of grain plants.

Let's start a round dance and sing a song.

A song is being performed - round dance “The wheat has ripened” lyrics. folk

Yes,It’s not easy for a person to get bread, so what good habit should each of us acquire?

Children: Learn to take care of bread, respect the work of the people who raised it, learn to thank God for giving bread to man.

Leading: That's right, guys. No wonder they say that bread is God's gift. People ask God to give them bread every day and thank them for what they receive after eating.How we give thanks ?

Children: “GIVE US OUR NEEDED BREAD TODAY”

Leading: Guys, a man works, and God helps him in everything. Tell me, how does God help a person?

Children: c God raises and takes care of bread. God sends summer, rain, warmth and clear sun.

Children: Poem "Good News"

A raindrop says to others:

“Why are we knocking on the window so loudly?”

The drops answer:

“Here a poor man lives,

We bring him the news that bread is growing."

Leading: The Orthodox have a wonderful holiday, “The Savior of the Bread.” What is this holiday famous for? And because on this day they baked bread from the new harvest. It was the main dish of the day. On this day, after the blessing of bread in the church, housewives distributed their products to all the needy and poor people. It is not for nothing that bread is called sacred; people eat it slowly with thoughts of the coming autumn and long winter.

A real loaf is brought out

In Russia, bread was baked with domes so that there was enough, like the sky, for everyone.

At the wide tables in the house, throwing a crumb was considered a sin.

Our bread and salt are a Russian custom, they came from distant antiquity.

Refreshment for guests, joy of meeting. Like a symbol of human kindness. (A. Korshun).

We welcome all guests and treat them to a meal.

Bread is the head of everything. Proverbs about bread

The memory of the Russian people contains many proverbs and sayings about bread and their attitude towards it.

Bread is the basis of life and well-being, the key to future success, a symbol of human joy and happiness.

“There will be bread, so everything will be”;

“If there is bread, there will be song.”

The difficult and meager life of the Russian peasant farmer in the old days was reflected in proverbs and sayings that were widely used in the last century:

“Where the fry plows, there is a crumb of bread”;

Bread and water are peasant food”;

“Father bread, mother water”;

“Bread will nourish you, water will give you drink”;

“Bread and kvass - that’s all we have”;

“As long as there is bread and water, it’s not a problem.”

Rye bread is the main peasant product. And it is no coincidence that in popular sayings and proverbs it is placed at the forefront, contrasted with other dishes, any other food:

“Buckwheat porridge is our mother, and rye bread is our dear father”;

“Grandfather of rye bread to wheat kalach.”

Bread is a symbol of hospitality, the basis of both a dinner party and an everyday, everyday table:

“If there is bread, there will be lunch”;

“It’s a bad lunch if there’s no bread”;

“Not a piece of bread, and there is melancholy in the mansion, but there is no bread, and there is paradise under the spruce tree”;

“Bread on the table - and the table is a throne, but not a piece of bread - and the table is a board”;

“For bread and salt, every joke is good”;

“Even a crust of bread, or a quarter of millet, this is a treat from the kind owner.”

And although it was noted among the people that “it’s not the fur coat, but the bread that keeps you warm,” yet simple satiation and thoughtless satiety were never an end in itself for him. And that’s why it was said like this:

“You won’t be satisfied with bread alone”;

“Don’t be full of a piece, but be full of a friend”;

“Be angry, scold, but go get some bread and salt.”

Bread is obtained through labor and sweat. And in popular sayings it is said this way;

“He who looks into the sky sits without bread”;

“You can’t get bread by self-indulgence”;

“Then the obtained bread is sweet and stale”;

“A grain saves a pound”;

“Not the bread that is in the field, but the one that is in the bottom” (i.e., harvested);

“Bread in the bin is like the master of the house.”

A kind, sly smile illuminates many folk sayings about bread, about the signs of a good worker, inseparable from his attitude towards bread:

“As the bread is, so is the work” (i.e., if you eat quickly, then you work well);

“The plowman’s hand is black, but his bread is white”;

“The zealous man laughs with bread, but the lazy man cries without bread”;

“Don’t open your mouth for someone else’s loaf, but eat it early and stock up on your own.”

Genuine folk wisdom, subtle and sensitive perceptiveness are reflected in the following proverbs:

“Without bread everything will become boring”;

“Kalach will get boring, but bread will never”;

“No matter how much you think, you can’t think of anything better than bread and salt.”

Many listeners who sent us these and other folk sayings expressed their thoughts about the role and place of bread in our modern life. In a letter from Olga Shevchuk from the Vinnytsia region we read: “Bread is life itself. And this word must be written with a capital letter!”

Leningrader Pavel Stepanovich Karpenko writes: “We should all treat bread as a sacred thing, for bread is the basis of everything. Growing bread is a difficult and honorable job, so you need to protect and spend bread as a vital treasure. And there should be the highest respect for bread.”

“The task of adults,” writes Leningrader Olga Grigorievna Klyueva, a kindergarten teacher and methodologist, “is to instill in children respect for bread, teach them to take care of every crumb of bread, and highly value the work of the peasant.”

If all those who sent us letters could meet and talk about the topic that worries them: “Attitude to bread,” it would be a serious, very important and sincere conversation.

A large flow of letters was associated with the assessment in proverbs and sayings of such social evils as drunkenness and alcoholism.

Bread provides our body with proteins, carbohydrates, and beneficial microelements, which are necessary for brain function. Bread contains vitamin B, which strengthens the nervous system, memory, and improves digestion. Bread crust helps our body resist many cancers.

Medical scientists believe that an adult should eat 300-500g of bread per day, or 700g during hard work. Children and teenagers need 150-400g of bread. A person gets almost half of his energy from bread. Essential microelements contained in bread: protein - 20%, vitamin B1 - 26%, provitamin PP - 24%, vitamin B2 - 14%, iron - 34%, calcium - 17%.

Scientists believe that bread is over 15 thousand years old. True, bread in those ancient times was not much like today. The first bread was a liquid pulp made from cereals and water.
In ancient Egypt, 5-6 thousand years ago, there was a kind of rebirth of bread. There they learned how to loosen dough using the fermentation method.
In medieval England, wealthy people used black bread as plates: large loaves of bread were cut into large slices, and a small depression was made in the middle of the piece into which food was placed. After lunch, these “plates” were collected in a basket and distributed to the poor.

HOW DID THE BREAD COME TO THE TABLE?

Rye bread, loaves, rolls
You won't get it while walking.
People cherish bread in the fields,
They spare no effort for bread.

Bread appears on our table thanks to the hard work of grain growers. Strong machines help people grow and harvest bread. And before that, animals.

In the spring, tractors go out into the field. A plow is attached to the tractor, the plow turns over the earth. It comes out in large, dense clumps. Then the tractor pulls a harrow, similar to a large rake, which loosens the ground. Then seeders go out onto the plowed field and sow in three rows at once.

Spikelets grow from the grains. Each ear contains many new grains. The grain fields are like the sea. The wind blows and the ears of corn sway like waves. The ears are golden, it's time to harvest. You must not hesitate so that the grains do not fall to the ground. Harvesters are out in the field, cutting the ears, threshing them, shaking out the grains from the ears.

The machines deliver the grain to a mechanized conveyor for cleaning and drying.

Then the grain is taken to the elevator - this is a large granary. Here the grain is ground - ground and flour is obtained.

From a grain of wheat you can get about 20 milligrams of first grade flour.

Baking one loaf requires more than 10 thousand grains.

Flour is supplied to bakeries and bakeries.
Here they make bakery and confectionery products from it, which we then buy in stores.
This is the long and difficult path that bread takes from the field to our table.

THE GIRLS DECIDED TO PREPARE A VISUAL AID AND DEMONSTRATE IT.

From the grains ears grow, from the ears we get grain, from the grain we get flour, and from the flour we make baked goods.
Wheat grains, ears, flour - molded from salted dough, dried, painted, varnished baked goods.

Today, the names of types of bread and bakery products number in the hundreds.

Our main breadwinners

– wheat and rye. White bread, rolls, cookies, and bagels are made from wheat flour. And they also make semolina from wheat.

Black bread made from rye flour.
The ear of wheat is thicker, and the ear of rye is thinner. Wheat grains are rounder, and rye grains are longer.

We decided to germinate wheat grains at home. Here are our observations.

It was not possible to grow ears of corn at home. Our photographs show how the spikelets changed at different times.

Early July. End of August.

Today you can buy as much bread as you want in a store, but there was a time when a piece of rye bread was more valuable than gold. During the Great Patriotic War, bread was baked from husks, grass, quinoa, bran, and sawdust. And they gave us a small piece of this bread, 125g, for the whole day. People understood that bread was their life. This piece could hardly be called bread, because it contained only 5 grams of flour, the rest was impurities. The Museum of the History of Leningrad contains a piece of moldy bread the size of a little finger. This was the daily ration for the residents of the city besieged by the Germans; there were no other products.
While working on the project, we found some wonderful poems:

A boy kicking bread
A boy who never knows hunger
Remember that there were dashing years.
Bread is life, not just food.
They swore by bread
They died for bread
Not for them to play football with.
Folk wisdom is hidden in the word.
This is what our people say:
“If you didn’t value bread,
You have ceased to be a human being.”

It was considered the greatest sin in Rus' to drop at least one crumb of bread, and an even greater sin was to trample this crumb underfoot.

In Russia, according to a long-standing custom, dear guests are greeted with bread and salt. There are also a number of signs; it is believed that people who break bread become friends for life. It is no coincidence that in our monastery the tea room is called “Bread and Sol-ba”! We are happy to meet and receive all guests of our monastery! Each person is especially dear to us.

But there is also holy bread - prosphora. Bread in the Church is a symbol of Christ. He Himself said this: “I am the Bread of Life” (John 6:48). If earthly bread nourishes human life, then Christ, the heavenly Bread, joins human life to Divine life in eternity.
And bread is also a symbol of the Church itself. Prosphora's origins go back to ancient times. In the first centuries of Christianity, believers themselves brought with them bread, wine, oil (that is, olive oil), wax for candles - everything they needed to perform divine services.

This offering (in Greek prosphora), or donation, was accepted by the deacons; The names of those who brought them were included in a special list, which was prayerfully proclaimed during the consecration of the gifts. From these voluntary offerings (prosphora), part of the bread and wine was separated for transfusion into the Body and Blood of Christ, candles were made from wax, and other gifts, over which prayers were also said, were distributed to the believers. Subsequently, only bread used for the liturgy began to be called prosphora. Over time, instead of ordinary bread, they began to specially bake prosphora in the church, accepting money as a donation in addition to ordinary offerings. A 5th grade student at the Good School in Solba wrote a poem about this holy bread:

So we come to the main meaning of bread! Just as a person cannot live without physical bread, which we need daily, so the soul cannot live without spiritual Bread, which is Jesus Christ. Jesus becomes the Bread of Life for those people who come to Him and ask forgiveness for their sins.